test: add a local Docker test environment for all features

testenv/ starts two real NetBox 4.7 instances (v2 and v1 token), SSH
targets on public, mgmt, and prod networks, a jump host, an IPv6-only
host, a static host, and a client with ssh, sftp, scp, tmux, zellij,
bash, zsh, and fish. A seed script fills NetBox through the REST API.

141 end-to-end checks cover cache and refresh filters, connecting,
all resolver strategies, multiple instances, shortcuts and rewrites,
SSH options and rules, static hosts, sftp/scp incl. IPv6 and jump
hosts, tunnels, local notes and NetBox comments, completion and shell
hooks, the TUI (driven through tmux), the configurator, and uninstall.

Local only: testenv/up.sh, test.sh, shell.sh, down.sh. Not part of
CI/CD.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.git
+testenv/.keys
+testenv/.state

.gitignore

@@ -19,3 +19,7 @@ dist/
 # OS
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
+
+# local test environment (testenv/up.sh)
+testenv/.keys/
+testenv/.state/

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Unreleased
+
+- Fix the `interface_name` resolver strategy: it sent filter names that NetBox ignores and therefore returned the host's first IP address instead of the named interface's. It now uses NetBox's `interface` and `vminterface` filters; a missing interface falls through to the next strategy.
+- Fix `netssh sftp` and `netssh scp` with instance-qualified hosts (`prod/web01:/path`), which were taken for local paths.
+- Fix shell aliases of instance-qualified hosts ignoring anchored rewrite rules (`fsn_fsn1-pve1` instead of `fsn_fsnpve1`).
+- Add `testenv/`, a local Docker environment with two NetBox instances, SSH targets, a jump host, tmux, zellij, and bash/zsh/fish, and 141 end-to-end checks of all features (`testenv/up.sh`, `testenv/test.sh`). Not part of CI/CD.
+
 ## v0.0.23
 
 - `netssh configure` now covers every setting: after the instances, a menu opens with SSH defaults, SSH options (jump host, host key checking, connection target, address family, extra arguments, `-o` options), SSH rules (add, edit, remove by tag, instance, kind, name pattern), resolver & cache (including the cache file), shortcuts & command alias, and completion (`max_results`). SSH options can also be set per NetBox instance from the instance list.
@@ -10,6 +17,8 @@
 - Add `netssh sftp` and `netssh scp`: host lookup, shortcuts, instances, default user and port, SSH options and rules, jump host, `--dry-run`, and completion work as for ssh. IPv6 addresses are bracketed for host:path.
 - Add named port forwards (`ssh.forwards` globally, per instance, and per rule), `netssh tunnel HOST NAME|SPEC...` (ssh -N with ExitOnForwardFailure), and `netssh --forward NAME`. Forwards are editable in `netssh configure` and completed in the shell.
 - TUI: `Ctrl+O` opens SFTP, `Ctrl+T` starts a tunnel with configured or ad hoc forwards.
+- Add the `hostname` resolver strategy: connect by the NetBox name (plus optional `resolver.hostname_domain`) instead of an IP, always or as a fallback after `primary_ip`.
+- Add static hosts (`hosts:`) for machines that are not in NetBox, with user, port, tags, and SSH options, managed with `netssh hosts list|add|remove` and in `netssh configure`. They are found before NetBox, work offline and without any NetBox, and support shortcuts, rules (`kind: static`), completion, aliases, sftp, scp, tunnels, and the TUI.
 - Fix options added by netssh landing after `--` (`netssh --no-jump -- host`), where ssh read them as the destination.
 
 ## v0.0.22

README.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ The same lookup drives `netssh sftp`, `netssh scp`, and `netssh tunnel`, the int
 - [Installation](#installation)
 - [Quick start](#quick-start)
 - [Configuration](#configuration) — [wizard](#interactive-wizard), [manual config](#manual-config), [reference](#configuration-reference), [environment variables](#environment-variables), [files](#files-and-directories), [multiple instances](#multiple-netbox-instances)
-- [Usage](#usage) — [command overview](#command-overview), [SSH options](#ssh-options), [SFTP & SCP](#sftp-and-scp), [port forwarding](#port-forwarding), [shortcuts](#host-shortcuts), [TUI](#interactive-tui), [notes](#server-notes), [cache](#cache-management)
+- [Usage](#usage) — [command overview](#command-overview), [SSH options](#ssh-options), [SFTP & SCP](#sftp-and-scp), [port forwarding](#port-forwarding), [static hosts](#static-hosts), [shortcuts](#host-shortcuts), [TUI](#interactive-tui), [notes](#server-notes), [cache](#cache-management)
 - [Recipes](#recipes)
 - [IP Resolution Strategies](#ip-resolution-strategies)
 - [Shell Completion](#shell-completion) and [Shell Hook](#shell-hook)
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ The same lookup drives `netssh sftp`, `netssh scp`, and `netssh tunnel`, the int
 ## Features
 
 - **Transparent proxy** — replaces itself with `ssh` via `syscall.Exec`, preserving all SSH flags and options
-- **Flexible IP resolution** — configurable chain of strategies: management subnet, primary IP, or named interface
+- **Flexible IP resolution** — configurable chain of strategies: management subnet, primary IP, named interface, or the hostname itself
+- **Static hosts** — add hosts that are not in NetBox (`netssh hosts add router 192.168.1.1`); they work everywhere, also without any NetBox
 - **Interactive TUI** — fuzzy search with live NetBox queries and 300 ms debouncing (start with `netssh`, no arguments)
 - **Recently-used list** — TUI opens with your 10 most-recently-connected hosts, no typing needed
 - **Tag/kind filter** — press `Ctrl+F` in the TUI to filter by `tag:prod` or `kind:vm`
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ Re-run it at any time to change settings without editing the file manually:
 netssh configure
 ```
 
-The wizard first lets you add, edit, and remove named NetBox instances and set SSH options per instance.
+The wizard first lets you add, edit, and remove named NetBox instances and set SSH options per instance. Without any instance you can also continue with static hosts only.
 A menu then gives access to every other setting; open only the sections you want to change and choose **Save and exit**:
 
 | Section | Settings |
@@ -147,7 +148,8 @@ A menu then gives access to every other setting; open only the sections you want
 | SSH defaults | `ssh.default_user`, `ssh.default_port` |
 | SSH options | `proxy_jump`, `host_key_checking`, `target`, `address_family`, `extra_args` (one per line), `options` (`Key=Value` per line), `forwards` (`NAME L\|R\|D SPEC` per line) |
 | SSH rules | add, edit, remove `ssh.rules` — match by tag, instance, kind, name pattern, each with its own SSH options |
-| Resolver & cache | strategies, management subnets, interface name, cache TTL, cache file |
+| Static hosts | add, edit, remove hosts that are not in NetBox, each with user, port, tags, and SSH options |
+| Resolver & cache | strategies, management subnets, interface name, hostname domain, cache TTL, cache file |
 | Shortcuts & command alias | domain suffixes, hyphen stripping, rewrite rules (`REGEX => REPLACEMENT` per line), `shell.alias` |
 | Completion | `completion.max_results` |
 
@@ -211,6 +213,7 @@ Every key, its default, and the section that explains it. Keys marked *layered*
 | `resolver.strategies` | list | `[management_subnet, primary_ip]` | Tried in order, first IP wins — see [IP Resolution Strategies](#ip-resolution-strategies). The wizard suggests `primary_ip`. |
 | `resolver.management_subnets` | list of CIDR | `[]` | Used by `management_subnet`. |
 | `resolver.interface_name` | string | — | Used by `interface_name`, e.g. `mgmt0`. |
+| `resolver.hostname_domain` | string | — | Used by `hostname`: appended to NetBox names without a dot. |
 | `cache.ttl` | seconds | `3600` | How long a cached IP is used without asking NetBox; `0` always asks NetBox when connecting. |
 | `cache.path` | path | user cache dir `/netssh/hosts.json` | Cache file; named instances use a subdirectory next to it. |
 | `ssh.default_user` | string | — | Login user when none is given (`-l` for ssh, `-o User=` for sftp/scp). |
@@ -228,15 +231,16 @@ Every key, its default, and the section that explains it. Keys marked *layered*
 | `shortcuts.rewrites[]` | list | `[]` | `pattern` (Go regex) and `replace` — see [Host shortcuts](#host-shortcuts). |
 | `completion.max_results` | int | `0` | Hostnames offered per `<Tab>`; `0` = unlimited. |
 | `shell.alias` | string | — | Short command name for netssh, e.g. `j` — see [Short command alias](#short-command-alias). |
+| `hosts[]` | list | `[]` | Static hosts with `name`, `address`, `user`, `port`, `tags`, `ssh` — see [Static hosts](#static-hosts). |
 
 ### Environment variables
 
-These variables override the file. Lists are comma-separated (`NETSSH_SHORTCUTS_DOMAINS=.example.com,.example.de`). Settings without a variable (`extra_args`, `options`, `forwards`, `rules`, `rewrites`, `netboxes`) can only be set in the file.
+These variables override the file. Lists are comma-separated (`NETSSH_SHORTCUTS_DOMAINS=.example.com,.example.de`). Settings without a variable (`extra_args`, `options`, `forwards`, `rules`, `rewrites`, `netboxes`, `hosts`) can only be set in the file.
 
 | Variable | Key |
 |---|---|
 | `NETSSH_NETBOX_URL`, `NETSSH_NETBOX_TOKEN`, `NETSSH_NETBOX_TOKEN_VERSION` | `netbox.*` (single instance only; ignored when the file has only `netboxes:`) |
-| `NETSSH_RESOLVER_STRATEGIES`, `NETSSH_RESOLVER_MANAGEMENT_SUBNETS`, `NETSSH_RESOLVER_INTERFACE_NAME` | `resolver.*` |
+| `NETSSH_RESOLVER_STRATEGIES`, `NETSSH_RESOLVER_MANAGEMENT_SUBNETS`, `NETSSH_RESOLVER_INTERFACE_NAME`, `NETSSH_RESOLVER_HOSTNAME_DOMAIN` | `resolver.*` |
 | `NETSSH_CACHE_TTL`, `NETSSH_CACHE_PATH` | `cache.*` |
 | `NETSSH_SSH_DEFAULT_USER`, `NETSSH_SSH_DEFAULT_PORT` | `ssh.default_*` |
 | `NETSSH_SSH_PROXY_JUMP`, `NETSSH_SSH_HOST_KEY_CHECKING`, `NETSSH_SSH_TARGET`, `NETSSH_SSH_ADDRESS_FAMILY` | global `ssh.*` options |
@@ -354,6 +358,7 @@ A hint is shown during `netssh configure` if a legacy v1 token is entered.
 | `netssh sftp [netssh flags] [sftp options] HOST[:PATH]` | SFTP session — see [SFTP and SCP](#sftp-and-scp). |
 | `netssh scp [netssh flags] [scp options] SOURCE... TARGET` | Copy files — see [SFTP and SCP](#sftp-and-scp). |
 | `netssh tunnel [netssh flags] [ssh options] HOST FORWARD...` | Port forwards without a shell — see [Port forwarding](#port-forwarding). |
+| `netssh hosts [list] \| add NAME ADDRESS [--user U] [--port P] [--tag T]... [--replace] \| remove NAME` | Manage static hosts — see [Static hosts](#static-hosts). |
 | `netssh configure` | Setup wizard. |
 | `netssh cache list \| refresh [--tag T] [--kind device\|vm] [--instance I] \| clear` | Inspect and manage the host cache. |
 | `netssh search QUERY` | Print matching cached hostnames, one per line. |
@@ -452,12 +457,12 @@ ssh asks once to confirm each host key.
 |---|---|---|
 | `tag` | NetBox tags of the host | Tag name or slug, case-insensitive (`DMZ Hosts` matches `dmz-hosts`). |
 | `instance` | Name of the NetBox instance | Only useful with `netboxes:`. |
-| `kind` | `device` or `vm` | Devices come from DCIM, VMs from Virtualization. |
+| `kind` | `device`, `vm`, or `static` | Devices come from DCIM, VMs from Virtualization, `static` from `hosts:`. |
 | `name` | Hostname without instance prefix | Shell glob, case-insensitive (`*.dmz.example.com`, `fw-??`). |
 
 Tags and kind are taken from the cache or the NetBox answer, so rules work offline for cached hosts. A rule needs at least one match field. All matching rules apply in file order; a later rule overrides an earlier one.
 
-**How layers combine.** netssh merges global → instance → matching rules:
+**How layers combine.** netssh merges global → instance (or the static host's own `ssh`) → matching rules:
 
 - single values (`proxy_jump`, `host_key_checking`, `target`, `address_family`) — the most specific non-empty value wins;
 - `options` and `forwards` — merged per key or name, the more specific layer wins;
@@ -508,7 +513,39 @@ netssh --forward web fsnbx1               # shell plus forward (repeatable)
 
 A value that is no configured name but a port spec (`[bind:]port:host:hostport`) becomes a local forward. `netssh tunnel` adds `-o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes`, so a port already in use fails instead of leaving a silent session. Without forward names it lists the forwards configured for the host. Forward names are completed after the host (`netssh tunnel fsnbx1 <Tab>`) and after `--forward`. In the TUI, `Ctrl+T` on a host opens an input with its configured forwards.
 
-`sftp`, `scp`, and `tunnel` are subcommands; to connect to a host with one of these names, use `netssh -- sftp`.
+`sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel`, and `hosts` are subcommands; to connect to a host with one of these names, use `netssh -- sftp`.
+
+### Static hosts
+
+Hosts that are not in NetBox — a home router, a cloud VM, a customer machine — can be added to the config. netssh checks them before NetBox, so they work offline and even without any NetBox configured.
+
+```sh
+netssh hosts add router 192.168.1.1 --user admin --tag home
+netssh hosts add backup backup.example.org --port 2222 --tag offsite
+netssh hosts                      # list
+netssh hosts add router 192.168.1.254 --replace   # change the address, keep its SSH options
+netssh hosts remove backup
+```
+
+The same in the config (or in `netssh configure` → *Static hosts*):
+
+```yaml
+hosts:
+  - name: router
+    address: 192.168.1.1          # IP address or DNS name
+    user: admin                   # optional, overrides ssh.default_user
+    port: 2222                    # optional, overrides ssh.default_port
+    tags: [home]                  # optional, for ssh.rules
+    ssh:                          # optional, same keys as ssh: (proxy_jump, options, forwards, …)
+      proxy_jump: none
+```
+
+Static hosts behave like NetBox hosts everywhere: `netssh router`, `sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel`, shortcuts and rewrite rules, Tab completion, shell aliases, the TUI search and its recently-used list, and `ssh.rules` (match `kind: static` or their tags). Their SSH options are merged like an instance's: global → static host → rules. User and port on the command line still win.
+
+- Names may contain letters, digits, dots, underscores, and hyphens, and are matched case-insensitively. They have no instance prefix.
+- A static host wins over a NetBox host of the same name. Give them distinct names to keep both reachable.
+- Static hosts never expire and are not touched by `cache refresh` or `cache clear`; removing one from the config removes it everywhere.
+- `--netbox` notes and NetBox comments are not available for static hosts; local notes work.
 
 ### Default username
 
@@ -815,6 +852,22 @@ Cache refresh uses the same strategies as a direct connection. To allow the prim
 | `primary_ip` | Returns the `primary_ip4` (or `primary_ip6`) set in NetBox. No extra API call. |
 | `management_subnet` | Fetches all IPs for the host and returns the first one matching a configured CIDR. |
 | `interface_name` | Fetches IPs attached to a specific named interface (e.g. `mgmt0`). |
+| `hostname` | Uses the NetBox name instead of an IP, with `resolver.hostname_domain` appended to names without a dot. DNS or `~/.ssh/config` resolves it when ssh connects. No extra API call. |
+
+**`hostname` strategy.** Its position in the chain decides when it applies:
+
+```yaml
+resolver:
+  strategies: [primary_ip, hostname]   # IP if NetBox has one, otherwise the hostname
+  hostname_domain: example.com         # web01 → web01.example.com
+```
+
+```yaml
+resolver:
+  strategies: [hostname]               # always connect by name, never by IP
+```
+
+Names that are not valid DNS hostnames (spaces, underscores) are skipped, so the next strategy is tried. The cache then stores the name instead of an IP, and `--dry-run` shows `ssh web01.example.com`. Compared with `ssh.target: hostname`, the strategy works as a fallback for hosts without an IP in NetBox and can be combined with `target: name`.
 
 ## Shell Completion
 
@@ -958,6 +1011,8 @@ Both are non-blocking — the refresh runs as a background process and never del
 | Message / symptom | Cause and fix |
 |---|---|
 | `host not found` | The name is not in NetBox (devices and VMs are searched). Check the spelling, or configure `shortcuts.domains` if you type short names. |
+| `host "x" is not in hosts: and no NetBox is configured` | Only static hosts are configured. Add the host with `netssh hosts add`, or a NetBox with `netssh configure`. |
+| `no strategy resolved an IP` | No resolver strategy found an address. Add `primary_ip` or `hostname` as a fallback at the end of `resolver.strategies`. |
 | `ambiguous shortcut "x"; use a full hostname` | Several cached hosts shorten to the same name. Use the full name, or check with `netssh alias --test`. |
 | `found 2 exact matches` | The name exists in several NetBox instances, or as both device and VM. Prefix the instance (`prod/web01`); for notes and the TUI also `--kind`. |
 | Shortcut works for one host but not another | Shortcuts (hyphen folding, rewrites) only match cached hosts. Run `netssh cache refresh`. |
@@ -969,7 +1024,7 @@ Both are non-blocking — the refresh runs as a background process and never del
 | Saving notes with `--netbox` fails with a permission error | The API token is read-only. Local notes work without write permission. |
 | `<Tab>` completes files instead of hosts | Run `netssh completion install` and open a new terminal; for zsh also `rm -f ~/.zcompdump*`. |
 | Aliases missing in a new shell | `netssh hook install`, then a new terminal. The cache must not be empty. |
-| A host is named `sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel`, or like another subcommand | Use `netssh -- sftp`. |
+| A host is named `sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel`, `hosts`, or like another subcommand | Use `netssh -- sftp`. |
 
 ## Uninstall
 
@@ -1000,6 +1055,14 @@ go test ./...        # includes offline installer/update tests
 go build ./...       # build all packages
 ```
 
+End-to-end tests run against real services in a local Docker environment — two NetBox instances, SSH targets on separate networks, a jump host, an IPv6 host, tmux, zellij, and bash/zsh/fish. See [testenv/README.md](testenv/README.md). It is not part of CI/CD.
+
+```sh
+testenv/up.sh        # build and start (first start ~6 min)
+testenv/test.sh      # 141 checks: connect, strategies, instances, shortcuts, rules, sftp/scp, tunnels, notes, shells, TUI, configurator
+testenv/down.sh
+```
+
 The test suite covers the cache, NetBox client (via `httptest`), IP resolver chain, the argument parsers for ssh, sftp, and scp, SSH options and rules, port forwards, config loading, the setup wizard, shortcut normalization and rewrites, completion, the TUI keys, and shell hook install/uninstall. Wrapper tests run the real command (`sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel` with `--dry-run`) in a subprocess against a pre-filled cache, so no NetBox or ssh server is needed.
 
 Project layout:
@@ -1025,9 +1088,9 @@ This is a **vibe-coded** project: the entire codebase — architecture, implemen
 ## How it works
 
 1. `netssh` checks whether the first argument is a known subcommand (`configure`, `cache`, `sftp`, `scp`, `tunnel`, `notes`, …). If not, it enters SSH wrapper mode; without arguments it starts the TUI.
-2. On first run or when no NetBox is configured, the interactive setup wizard starts automatically.
+2. On first run, or when neither a NetBox nor static hosts are configured, the interactive setup wizard starts automatically.
 3. It removes its own long options (`--dry-run`, `--jump`, `--no-jump`, `--forward`) and parses the remaining arguments with the flag table of the program it will run (ssh, sftp, or scp differ, e.g. in `-l` and `-P`) to find the destination: `[user@]host` for ssh, `[user@]host[:path]` for sftp, and every `host:path` operand for scp.
-4. It adds the default user and port in the program's syntax unless you gave your own.
+4. It resolves the host: first the static hosts from `hosts:` (by name or shortcut), then an exact cache lookup, a shortcut match against the cache (domains, rewrites, hyphen folding), and finally NetBox (`/api/dcim/devices/` and `/api/virtualization/virtual-machines/`, all instances in parallel) with the resolver chain. A fresh cache entry needs no network request; new results are cached.
-5. It resolves the host: an exact cache lookup, then a shortcut match against the cache (domains, rewrites, hyphen folding), and finally NetBox (`/api/dcim/devices/` and `/api/virtualization/virtual-machines/`, all instances in parallel) with the resolver chain. A fresh cache entry needs no network request; new results are cached.
+5. It adds the user and port (a static host's own, else the defaults) in the program's syntax unless you gave your own.
 6. It merges the SSH options for the host (global, instance, matching rules), resolves named forwards, and inserts the options before the first operand: jump host, host key checking, `-o` options, forwards, and for `tunnel` `-N` with `ExitOnForwardFailure`.
 7. It replaces the hostname with the resolved IP (or the name, with `ssh.target: name`; IPv6 in brackets for sftp/scp) and calls `syscall.Exec` to become `ssh`, `sftp`, or `scp` — or prints the command with `--dry-run`.

cmd/netssh/hosts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/hook"
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/setup"
+)
+
+func hostsCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "hosts",
+		Short: "Manage static hosts that are not in NetBox",
+		Long: `Static hosts are defined under hosts: in the config. They are found before
+NetBox, work offline, and support shortcuts, rules (kind: static), aliases,
+completion, sftp, scp, and tunnels like NetBox hosts.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return listHosts() },
+	}
+	cmd.AddCommand(hostsListCmd(), hostsAddCmd(), hostsRemoveCmd())
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func hostsListCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "list",
+		Short: "List static hosts",
+		RunE:  func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return listHosts() },
+	}
+}
+
+func listHosts() error {
+	cfg, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Hosts) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("No static hosts. Add one with: netssh hosts add NAME ADDRESS")
+		return nil
+	}
+	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "NAME\tADDRESS\tUSER\tPORT\tTAGS")
+	for _, host := range cfg.Hosts {
+		port := ""
+		if host.Port > 0 {
+			port = fmt.Sprint(host.Port)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", host.Name, host.Address, host.User, port, strings.Join(host.Tags, ","))
+	}
+	return w.Flush()
+}
+
+func hostsAddCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	var host config.StaticHost
+	var replace bool
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "add NAME ADDRESS",
+		Short: "Add a static host (or replace one with --replace)",
+		Example: `  netssh hosts add router 192.168.1.1 --user admin
+  netssh hosts add backup backup.example.org --port 2222 --tag offsite`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(2),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cfg, err := config.Load()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			host.Name, host.Address = args[0], args[1]
+			if existing := cfg.StaticHost(host.Name); existing != nil {
+				if !replace {
+					return fmt.Errorf("static host %q already exists; use --replace to overwrite it", existing.Name)
+				}
+				host.SSH = existing.SSH // keep SSH options set in the config or wizard
+				*existing = host
+			} else {
+				cfg.Hosts = append(cfg.Hosts, host)
+			}
+			return saveHosts(cfg)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&host.User, "user", "", "Login user (default: ssh.default_user)")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&host.Port, "port", 0, "SSH port (default: ssh.default_port or 22)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&host.Tags, "tag", nil, "Tag for ssh.rules (repeatable)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&replace, "replace", false, "Overwrite an existing static host")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func hostsRemoveCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "remove NAME",
+		Aliases: []string{"rm"},
+		Short:   "Remove a static host",
+		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cfg, err := config.Load()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for i, host := range cfg.Hosts {
+				if strings.EqualFold(host.Name, args[0]) {
+					cfg.Hosts = append(cfg.Hosts[:i], cfg.Hosts[i+1:]...)
+					return saveHosts(cfg)
+				}
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("no static host %q", args[0])
+		},
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]cobra.Completion, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+			cfg, err := config.Load()
+			if err != nil || len(args) > 0 {
+				return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			}
+			var names []string
+			for _, host := range cfg.Hosts {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(host.Name), strings.ToLower(toComplete)) {
+					names = append(names, host.Name)
+				}
+			}
+			return names, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// saveHosts writes the config and regenerates the shell aliases.
+func saveHosts(cfg *config.Config) error {
+	if err := setup.Save(*cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	loaded, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c := newCache(loaded)
+	_ = c.Load()
+	if err := hook.WriteAliasFiles(hook.BuildAliasEntries(c.All(), *loaded)); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: could not write alias files: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/netssh/hosts_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
+)
+
+// prepareConfig writes data as the only config, with empty cache and home.
+func prepareConfig(t *testing.T, data string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", dir)
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("NETSSH_NETBOX_URL", "")
+	t.Setenv("NETSSH_NETBOX_TOKEN", "")
+	t.Setenv("NETSSH_CACHE_PATH", filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "hosts.json"))
+	t.Setenv("NETSSH_SHELL_ALIAS", "")
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "netssh.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+const staticOnlyConfig = `ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: static, tag: home}
+      host_key_checking: accept-new
+shortcuts:
+  domains: [.lan]
+hosts:
+  - name: router.lan
+    address: 192.168.1.1
+    user: admin
+    port: 2222
+    tags: [home]
+  - name: nas
+    address: nas.example.org
+    ssh:
+      proxy_jump: jh.example.com
+`
+
+// Static hosts work without any NetBox and with their own user, port, tags, and options.
+func TestStaticHostsWithoutNetBox(t *testing.T) {
+	prepareConfig(t, staticOnlyConfig)
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		args []string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"--dry-run", "router.lan"}, "ssh -p 2222 -l admin -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new 192.168.1.1"},
+		{[]string{"--dry-run", "router"}, "ssh -p 2222 -l admin -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new 192.168.1.1"}, // shortcut
+		{[]string{"--dry-run", "-l", "root", "nas", "uptime"}, "ssh -l root -J jh.example.com nas.example.org uptime"},
+		{[]string{"sftp", "--dry-run", "router:/etc"}, "sftp -P 2222 -o User=admin -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new 192.168.1.1:/etc"},
+		{[]string{"scp", "--dry-run", "a.txt", "nas:/tmp/"}, "scp -o User=ops -J jh.example.com a.txt nas.example.org:/tmp/"},
+	} {
+		out, err := runNetssh(t, tc.args...)
+		if err != nil || out != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("%v:\n got  %s (%v)\n want %s", tc.args, out, err, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+	if out, err := runNetssh(t, "--dry-run", "unknown"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(out, "no NetBox is configured") {
+		t.Errorf("unknown host: %s (%v)", out, err)
+	}
+	if out, _ := runNetssh(t, "__complete", "rou"); !strings.HasPrefix(out, "router.lan\n") {
+		t.Errorf("completion: %q", out)
+	}
+	if out, _ := runNetssh(t, "alias", "--shell", "bash"); !strings.Contains(out, "alias router='netssh router.lan'") || !strings.Contains(out, "alias nas='netssh nas'") {
+		t.Errorf("aliases: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostsCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	path := prepareConfig(t, "hosts:\n  - {name: nas, address: nas.example.org, ssh: {proxy_jump: jh}}\n")
+	steps := []struct {
+		args    []string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"hosts", "add", "router", "192.168.1.1", "--user", "admin", "--port", "2222", "--tag", "home", "--tag", "lab"}, ""},
+		{[]string{"hosts", "add", "router", "10.0.0.1"}, "already exists"},
+		{[]string{"hosts", "add", "nas", "10.0.0.5", "--replace"}, ""},
+		{[]string{"hosts", "add", "bad name", "10.0.0.1"}, "must start with"},
+		{[]string{"hosts", "remove", "missing"}, "no static host"},
+	}
+	for _, step := range steps {
+		out, err := runNetssh(t, step.args...)
+		if step.wantErr == "" && err != nil || step.wantErr != "" && !strings.Contains(out, step.wantErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("%v: %s (%v)", step.args, out, err)
+		}
+	}
+	cfg, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	router, nas := cfg.StaticHost("router"), cfg.StaticHost("nas")
+	if router == nil || router.User != "admin" || router.Port != 2222 || strings.Join(router.Tags, ",") != "home,lab" {
+		t.Fatalf("router: %+v", router)
+	}
+	if nas == nil || nas.Address != "10.0.0.5" || nas.SSH.ProxyJump != "jh" {
+		t.Fatalf("--replace must keep SSH options: %+v", nas)
+	}
+	out, err := runNetssh(t, "hosts", "list")
+	if err != nil || !strings.Contains(out, "router  192.168.1.1  admin  2222  home,lab") {
+		t.Fatalf("list:\n%s (%v)", out, err)
+	}
+	if out, err := runNetssh(t, "hosts", "rm", "router"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("remove: %s (%v)", out, err)
+	}
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if strings.Contains(string(data), "router") || strings.Contains(string(data), "netbox:") {
+		t.Fatalf("config after remove:\n%s", data)
+	}
+}
+
+// The hostname strategy passes the NetBox name (plus domain) instead of an IP.
+func TestHostnameStrategyConnects(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := connectionTestServer(t, []connectionTestHost{{ID: 1, Name: "web01"}, multiHost("db01", "10.0.0.7")}, nil)
+	prepareConfig(t, fmt.Sprintf("netbox:\n  url: %q\n  token: t\nresolver:\n  strategies: [primary_ip, hostname]\n  hostname_domain: example.com\n", srv.URL))
+	for host, want := range map[string]string{"web01": "ssh web01.example.com", "db01": "ssh 10.0.0.7"} {
+		if out, err := runNetssh(t, "--dry-run", host); err != nil || out != want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %s (%v), want %s", host, out, err, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/netssh/instances.go

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/shortcuts"
 )
 
+// newCache opens the host cache with the config's static hosts.
+func newCache(cfg *config.Config) *cache.Cache {
+	return cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL).WithStatic(cfg.Hosts)
+}
+
 func newNetBoxClient(cfg *config.Config) *netbox.Client {
 	if len(cfg.NetBoxes) > 0 {
 		sources := make([]netbox.Source, 0, len(cfg.NetBoxes))

cmd/netssh/main.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ var managedSubcommands = map[string]bool{
 	"sftp":       true,
 	"scp":        true,
 	"tunnel":     true,
+	"hosts":      true,
 }
 
 func main() {
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func loadConfigOrSetup() *config.Config {
 	if err != nil {
 		fatalf("config: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !cfg.HasNetBox() {
+	if !cfg.HasHosts() {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "No configuration found. Starting setup…")
 		if err := setup.RunWizard(cfg); err != nil {
 			fatalf("setup: %v", err)
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ func findDestination(client internalssh.Client, args []string) (*destination, er
 // runClient resolves the NetBox host in args and execs ssh, sftp, or scp.
 func runClient(client internalssh.Client, flags internalssh.WrapperFlags, args []string) {
 	cfg := loadConfigOrSetup()
+	client = client.WithInstances(instanceNames(cfg))
 
 	dest, err := findDestination(client, args)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -143,16 +145,44 @@ func runClient(client internalssh.Client, flags internalssh.WrapperFlags, args [
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Inject the configured default user if none was given on the command line.
+	host := resolveTarget(cfg, dest.host)
-	if cfg.SSH.DefaultUser != "" && dest.user == "" && !client.HasUserFlag(args) {
+	user, port := hostDefaults(cfg, host)
-		args = prependArgs(client.UserArgs(cfg.SSH.DefaultUser), args, dest.dests)
+	// Inject the default user if none was given on the command line.
+	if user != "" && dest.user == "" && !client.HasUserFlag(args) {
+		args = prependArgs(client.UserArgs(user), args, dest.dests)
 	}
-	// Inject the configured default port if none was given on the command line.
+	// Inject the default port if none was given on the command line.
-	if cfg.SSH.DefaultPort > 0 && !client.HasPortFlag(args) {
+	if port > 0 && !client.HasPortFlag(args) {
-		args = prependArgs(client.PortArgs(strconv.Itoa(cfg.SSH.DefaultPort)), args, dest.dests)
+		args = prependArgs(client.PortArgs(strconv.Itoa(port)), args, dest.dests)
 	}
 
-	connectHost(cfg, client, flags, resolveTarget(cfg, dest.host), dest.dests, args)
+	connectHost(cfg, client, flags, host, dest.dests, args)
+}
+
+// hostDefaults returns the login user and port for host: those of a static
+// host if set, else ssh.default_user and ssh.default_port.
+func hostDefaults(cfg *config.Config, host resolvedHost) (string, int) {
+	user, port := cfg.SSH.DefaultUser, cfg.SSH.DefaultPort
+	if host.Kind == config.StaticKind {
+		if static := cfg.StaticHost(host.Name); static != nil {
+			if static.User != "" {
+				user = static.User
+			}
+			if static.Port > 0 {
+				port = static.Port
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return user, port
+}
+
+// instanceNames lists the named NetBox instances, which may prefix hostnames.
+func instanceNames(cfg *config.Config) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(cfg.NetBoxes))
+	for _, source := range cfg.NetBoxes {
+		names = append(names, source.Name)
+	}
+	return names
 }
 
 // prependArgs puts extra before args and shifts the destination indices.
@@ -174,7 +204,7 @@ type resolvedHost struct {
 // resolveTarget finds host in the cache (also by shortcut) or NetBox and
 // resolves its address. It exits on failure.
 func resolveTarget(cfg *config.Config, host string) resolvedHost {
-	c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+	c := newCache(cfg)
 	_ = c.Load()
 	maybeBackgroundRefresh(cfg, c)
 
@@ -186,6 +216,21 @@ func resolveTarget(cfg *config.Config, host string) resolvedHost {
 		return resolvedHost{Name: entry.Name, Kind: entry.Kind, IP: entry.IP, Tags: entry.Tags}
 	}
 
+	// Static hosts from the config win and need no NetBox.
+	if source == "" {
+		var normalize func(string) string
+		if cfg.Shortcuts.Enabled() {
+			normalize = normalizeTarget(cfg.Shortcuts, false)
+		}
+		entry, found, err := c.GetStatic(host, normalize)
+		if err != nil {
+			fatalf("%v", err)
+		}
+		if found {
+			return used(entry)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Cache hit with a fresh TTL — connect directly without querying NetBox.
 	if entry, fresh := c.Get(host); fresh && useCache {
 		return used(entry)
@@ -211,7 +256,7 @@ func resolveTarget(cfg *config.Config, host string) resolvedHost {
 	}
 
 	if !cfg.HasNetBox() {
-		fatalf("netbox.url is not configured (~/.config/netssh.yaml)")
+		fatalf("host %q is not in hosts: and no NetBox is configured (netssh configure)", host)
 	}
 	nbClient := newNetBoxClient(cfg)
 
@@ -316,7 +361,7 @@ func execClient(client internalssh.Client, result internalssh.Result, flags inte
 func runTUI() {
 	cfg := loadConfigOrSetup()
 
-	c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+	c := newCache(cfg)
 	_ = c.Load()
 	maybeBackgroundRefresh(cfg, c)
 
@@ -392,17 +437,18 @@ func tuiCommand(cfg *config.Config, host *tui.SelectedHost) (internalssh.Client,
 	}
 
 	var args []string
-	// User override from TUI edit mode takes priority, then config default.
+	// User override from TUI edit mode takes priority, then static host and config defaults.
+	defaultUser, defaultPort := hostDefaults(cfg, resolvedHost{Name: host.Name, Kind: host.Kind})
 	user := host.User
 	if user == "" {
-		user = cfg.SSH.DefaultUser
+		user = defaultUser
 	}
 	if user != "" {
 		args = append(args, client.UserArgs(user)...)
 	}
 	port := host.Port
-	if port == "" && cfg.SSH.DefaultPort > 0 {
+	if port == "" && defaultPort > 0 {
-		port = strconv.Itoa(cfg.SSH.DefaultPort)
+		port = strconv.Itoa(defaultPort)
 	}
 	if port != "" {
 		args = append(args, client.PortArgs(port)...)
@@ -453,7 +499,7 @@ func rootCmd() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	root.AddCommand(notesCmd(), configureCmd(), searchCmd(), cacheCmd(), aliasCmd(), hookCmd(), shellInitCmd(), versionCmd(), uninstallCmd(), sftpCmd(), scpCmd(), tunnelCmd())
+	root.AddCommand(notesCmd(), configureCmd(), searchCmd(), cacheCmd(), aliasCmd(), hookCmd(), shellInitCmd(), versionCmd(), uninstallCmd(), sftpCmd(), scpCmd(), tunnelCmd(), hostsCmd())
 
 	// cobra builds the "completion" command lazily; force init so we can extend it.
 	root.InitDefaultCompletionCmd()
@@ -575,7 +621,7 @@ func searchCmd() *cobra.Command {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -609,7 +655,7 @@ func cacheListCmd() *cobra.Command {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -635,7 +681,7 @@ func cacheClearCmd() *cobra.Command {
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			c.Clear()
 			if err := c.Save(); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -677,7 +723,7 @@ func cacheRefreshCmd() *cobra.Command {
 				return fmt.Errorf("NetBox: %w", err)
 			}
 
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			_ = c.Load()
 
 			chain, err := resolver.New(cfg.Resolver)
@@ -762,7 +808,7 @@ Or use in a script:
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -838,7 +884,7 @@ func shellInitCmd() *cobra.Command {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil
 			}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			_ = c.Load()
 
 			// Regenerate alias files from the current cache every shell start
@@ -897,7 +943,7 @@ After installation, reload your profile or open a new shell.`,
 			// Generate the aliases file immediately so it is ready on the next shell start.
 			cfg, cfgErr := config.Load()
 			if cfgErr == nil && cfg.HasNetBox() {
-				c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+				c := newCache(cfg)
 				if _ = c.Load(); true {
 					if entries := buildAliasEntries(c, *cfg); len(entries) > 0 {
 						if err := hook.WriteAliasFiles(entries); err != nil {

cmd/netssh/notes.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func notesCmd() *cobra.Command {
 				client = newNetBoxClient(cfg)
 			}
 			host := netbox.HostEntry{Name: args[0], Kind: kind}
-			c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+			c := newCache(cfg)
 			if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

cmd/netssh/transfer.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func completeHosts(toComplete string) []string {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+	c := newCache(cfg)
 	_ = c.Load()
 	hosts := hostCompletions(c.All(), toComplete, cfg.Shortcuts)
 	if limit := cfg.Completion.MaxResults; limit > 0 && len(hosts) > limit {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func completeHosts(toComplete string) []string {
 
 // cachedHost finds a host for completion by name or shortcut, without NetBox.
 func cachedHost(cfg *config.Config, host string) (cache.Entry, bool) {
-	c := cache.New(cfg.CachePath(), cfg.Cache.TTL)
+	c := newCache(cfg)
 	if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 		return cache.Entry{}, false
 	}

internal/cache/cache.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
 	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/storage"
 )
 
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@ type Entry struct {
 	Tags     []string  `json:"tags,omitempty"`
 	CachedAt time.Time `json:"cached_at"`
 	LastUsed time.Time `json:"last_used,omitempty"`
+	// Static marks a host from the config's hosts: list. It never expires;
+	// it is stored only to remember LastUsed for the recently-used list.
+	Static bool `json:"static,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type changeKind uint8
@@ -40,6 +44,7 @@ type Cache struct {
 	path         string
 	ttl          time.Duration
 	refreshStamp string // path to last_refresh timestamp file
+	static       []config.StaticHost
 }
 
 type diskFormat struct {
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Load() error {
 
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(c.path)
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		c.applyStatic()
 		return nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Load() error {
 	for _, e := range df.Entries {
 		c.entries[e.Name] = e
 	}
+	c.applyStatic()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -188,6 +195,15 @@ func (c *Cache) Save() error {
 	if err := storage.WriteFile(c.path, data, 0o600); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Static hosts come from the config, not the file: keep them in memory.
+	for name, e := range c.entries {
+		if e.Static {
+			if old, ok := merged[name]; ok && old.LastUsed.After(e.LastUsed) {
+				e.LastUsed = old.LastUsed
+			}
+			merged[name] = e
+		}
+	}
 	c.entries = merged
 	c.dirty = make(map[string]changeKind)
 	c.cleared = false
@@ -221,7 +237,10 @@ func (c *Cache) MarkUsed(name string) {
 	if e, ok := c.entries[name]; ok {
 		e.LastUsed = time.Now()
 		c.entries[name] = e
-		if _, changed := c.dirty[name]; !changed {
+		if e.Static {
+			// A static host may not be on disk yet; usage alone would not add it.
+			c.dirty[name] = upsertChange
+		} else if _, changed := c.dirty[name]; !changed {
 			c.dirty[name] = usageChange
 		}
 	}
@@ -279,7 +298,7 @@ func (c *Cache) GetByShortcut(shortcut string, normalize func(string) string) (e
 			entry, found = e, true
 		}
 	}
-	return entry, found, found && c.ttl > 0 && time.Since(entry.CachedAt) < c.ttl, nil
+	return entry, found, found && (entry.Static || c.ttl > 0 && time.Since(entry.CachedAt) < c.ttl), nil
 }
 
 // Get returns an entry and reports whether it is still within the TTL.
@@ -291,20 +310,92 @@ func (c *Cache) Get(name string) (entry Entry, fresh bool) {
 	if !ok {
 		return Entry{}, false
 	}
+	if e.Static {
+		return e, true
+	}
 	if c.ttl == 0 {
 		return e, false
 	}
 	return e, time.Since(e.CachedAt) < c.ttl
 }
 
+// Clear removes all NetBox entries; static hosts come from the config and stay.
 func (c *Cache) Clear() {
 	c.mu.Lock()
-	c.entries = make(map[string]Entry)
+	static := make(map[string]Entry)
+	for name, e := range c.entries {
+		if e.Static {
+			static[name] = e
+		}
+	}
+	c.entries = static
 	c.dirty = make(map[string]changeKind)
 	c.cleared = true
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
+// SetStatic adds the config's static hosts. They replace cached entries of the
+// same name, keep their recorded LastUsed, and static entries that are no
+// longer configured are removed on the next Save.
+func (c *Cache) SetStatic(hosts []config.StaticHost) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.static = hosts
+	c.applyStatic()
+}
+
+// WithStatic sets the static hosts now and after every Load.
+func (c *Cache) WithStatic(hosts []config.StaticHost) *Cache {
+	c.SetStatic(hosts)
+	return c
+}
+
+func (c *Cache) applyStatic() {
+	hosts := c.static
+	configured := make(map[string]bool, len(hosts))
+	for _, host := range hosts {
+		e := Entry{Name: host.Name, IP: host.Address, Kind: config.StaticKind, Tags: host.Tags, CachedAt: time.Now(), Static: true}
+		if old, ok := c.entries[host.Name]; ok && old.Static {
+			e.LastUsed = old.LastUsed
+		}
+		c.entries[host.Name] = e
+		configured[host.Name] = true
+	}
+	for name, e := range c.entries {
+		if e.Static && !configured[name] {
+			delete(c.entries, name)
+			c.dirty[name] = deleteChange
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetStatic finds a static host by name or by shortcut. Static hosts are
+// checked before NetBox, so they also work when NetBox is unreachable.
+func (c *Cache) GetStatic(name string, normalize func(string) string) (Entry, bool, error) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	var match Entry
+	found := false
+	for key, e := range c.entries {
+		if e.Static && strings.EqualFold(key, name) {
+			return e, true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	if normalize == nil {
+		return Entry{}, false, nil
+	}
+	short := normalize(name)
+	for _, e := range c.entries {
+		if e.Static && normalize(e.Name) == short {
+			if found {
+				return Entry{}, false, fmt.Errorf("ambiguous shortcut %q; use a full hostname", name)
+			}
+			match, found = e, true
+		}
+	}
+	return match, found, nil
+}
+
 func (c *Cache) All() []Entry {
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	defer c.mu.RUnlock()

internal/cache/cache_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
 )
 
 func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
@@ -495,3 +498,62 @@ func TestSearchMatchesHostnamesAcrossQualifiedSources(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStaticHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "hosts.json")
+	hosts := []config.StaticHost{{Name: "router", Address: "192.168.1.1", Tags: []string{"home"}}, {Name: "nas", Address: "nas.lan"}}
+	c := New(path, 1).WithStatic(hosts)
+	c.Upsert(Entry{Name: "web01", IP: "10.0.0.1", Kind: "device"})
+	if err := c.Load(); err != nil { // no file yet; static hosts stay
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if e, fresh := c.Get("router"); !fresh || e.IP != "192.168.1.1" || e.Kind != config.StaticKind || !e.Static {
+		t.Fatalf("static get: %+v %v", e, fresh)
+	}
+	if e, found, err := c.GetStatic("ROUTER", nil); !found || err != nil || e.Name != "router" {
+		t.Fatalf("by name: %+v %v %v", e, found, err)
+	}
+	normalize := func(s string) string { return strings.TrimSuffix(strings.ToLower(s), ".lan") }
+	if e, found, _ := c.GetStatic("nas.lan", normalize); !found || e.Name != "nas" {
+		t.Fatalf("by shortcut: %+v", e)
+	}
+	if _, found, _ := c.GetStatic("web01", normalize); found {
+		t.Fatal("NetBox entry returned as static")
+	}
+
+	// Usage of a static host persists; the host itself stays after Save and Clear.
+	c.MarkUsed("router")
+	if err := c.Save(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, fresh := c.Get("nas"); !fresh {
+		t.Fatal("static host lost after Save")
+	}
+	reloaded := New(path, 1).WithStatic(hosts)
+	if err := reloaded.Load(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if recent := reloaded.RecentlyUsed(5); len(recent) != 1 || recent[0].Name != "router" {
+		t.Fatalf("recent: %+v", recent)
+	}
+	reloaded.Clear()
+	if _, fresh := reloaded.Get("router"); !fresh {
+		t.Fatal("Clear removed a static host")
+	}
+
+	// A host removed from the config disappears, also from the file.
+	removed := New(path, 1).WithStatic(hosts[1:])
+	if err := removed.Load(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if e, _ := removed.Get("router"); e.Name != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("removed static host still present: %+v", e)
+	}
+	if err := removed.Save(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if strings.Contains(string(data), "192.168.1.1") {
+		t.Fatalf("removed static host still on disk:\n%s", data)
+	}
+}

internal/config/config.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	SSH        SSHConfig        `mapstructure:"ssh"`
 	Shortcuts  ShortcutsConfig  `mapstructure:"shortcuts"`
 	Completion CompletionConfig `mapstructure:"completion"`
+	Hosts      []StaticHost     `mapstructure:"hosts"`
 }
 
 type ShellConfig struct {
@@ -37,6 +38,8 @@ type ResolverConfig struct {
 	Strategies        []string `mapstructure:"strategies"`
 	ManagementSubnets []string `mapstructure:"management_subnets"`
 	InterfaceName     string   `mapstructure:"interface_name"`
+	// HostnameDomain is appended by the hostname strategy to names without a dot.
+	HostnameDomain string `mapstructure:"hostname_domain"`
 }
 
 type CacheConfig struct {
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ func Load() (*Config, error) {
 	v.SetEnvPrefix("NETSSH")
 	v.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_"))
 	v.AutomaticEnv()
-	for _, key := range []string{"netbox.url", "netbox.token", "netbox.token_version", "resolver.strategies", "resolver.management_subnets", "resolver.interface_name", "cache.ttl", "cache.path", "ssh.default_user", "ssh.default_port", "shortcuts.domains", "shortcuts.strip_hyphens", "shell.alias", "ssh.proxy_jump", "ssh.host_key_checking", "ssh.target", "ssh.address_family", "completion.max_results"} {
+	for _, key := range []string{"netbox.url", "netbox.token", "netbox.token_version", "resolver.strategies", "resolver.management_subnets", "resolver.interface_name", "resolver.hostname_domain", "cache.ttl", "cache.path", "ssh.default_user", "ssh.default_port", "shortcuts.domains", "shortcuts.strip_hyphens", "shell.alias", "ssh.proxy_jump", "ssh.host_key_checking", "ssh.target", "ssh.address_family", "completion.max_results"} {
 		if err := v.BindEnv(key); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -157,6 +160,9 @@ func Load() (*Config, error) {
 	if err := cfg.Shortcuts.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if err := cfg.ValidateHosts(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	for i := range cfg.NetBoxes {
 		source := &cfg.NetBoxes[i]
 		source.Name = strings.ToLower(source.Name)

internal/config/hosts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// StaticKind is the kind of hosts defined under hosts: instead of NetBox.
+const StaticKind = "static"
+
+// StaticHost is a host that is not in NetBox, defined in the config.
+type StaticHost struct {
+	Name    string     `mapstructure:"name"`
+	Address string     `mapstructure:"address"` // IP address or DNS name
+	User    string     `mapstructure:"user"`
+	Port    int        `mapstructure:"port"`
+	Tags    []string   `mapstructure:"tags"`
+	SSH     SSHOptions `mapstructure:"ssh"`
+}
+
+var staticHostName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._-]*$`)
+
+// ValidateHosts keeps static host names usable as selectors and addresses
+// safe to pass to ssh.
+func (c *Config) ValidateHosts() error {
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for i, host := range c.Hosts {
+		scope := fmt.Sprintf("hosts[%d]", i)
+		if !staticHostName.MatchString(host.Name) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: name %q must start with a letter or digit and contain only letters, digits, dots, underscores, or hyphens", scope, host.Name)
+		}
+		name := strings.ToLower(host.Name)
+		if seen[name] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: duplicate host name %q", scope, host.Name)
+		}
+		seen[name] = true
+		if host.Address == "" || strings.HasPrefix(host.Address, "-") || strings.ContainsAny(host.Address, " \t\n\r/@") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: address %q must be an IP address or hostname", scope, host.Address)
+		}
+		if host.Port < 0 || host.Port > 65535 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: port must be between 1 and 65535", scope)
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(host.User, "-") || strings.ContainsAny(host.User, " \t\n\r@") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: invalid user %q", scope, host.User)
+		}
+		if err := host.SSH.Validate(scope + ".ssh"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StaticHost returns the static host with the given name, or nil.
+func (c *Config) StaticHost(name string) *StaticHost {
+	for i := range c.Hosts {
+		if strings.EqualFold(c.Hosts[i].Name, name) {
+			return &c.Hosts[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/config/instances.go

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func (c *Config) ValidateNetBoxes() error {
 
 func (c *Config) HasNetBox() bool { return c.NetBox.URL != "" || len(c.NetBoxes) > 0 }
 
+// HasHosts reports whether netssh has anything to connect to: NetBox or static hosts.
+func (c *Config) HasHosts() bool { return c.HasNetBox() || len(c.Hosts) > 0 }
+
 // CachePath isolates named sources from legacy caches and from changed endpoints.
 // Rotating a token or reordering the sources does not discard usage history.
 func (c *Config) CachePath() string {

internal/config/ssh.go

@@ -169,7 +169,11 @@ func (o SSHOptions) Validate(scope string) error {
 // SSHOptionsFor merges global, instance, and matching rule options for host.
 func (c *Config) SSHOptionsFor(host SSHHost) SSHOptions {
 	merged := c.SSH.SSHOptions.merge(SSHOptions{})
-	if host.Instance == "" {
+	if host.Kind == StaticKind {
+		if static := c.StaticHost(host.Name); static != nil {
+			merged = merged.merge(static.SSH)
+		}
+	} else if host.Instance == "" {
 		merged = merged.merge(c.NetBox.SSH)
 	}
 	for _, source := range c.NetBoxes {

internal/config/ssh_test.go

@@ -135,3 +135,58 @@ func TestForwardsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStaticHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg, err := loadYAML(t, `
+resolver:
+  hostname_domain: example.com
+ssh:
+  proxy_jump: jh
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: static, tag: home}
+      host_key_checking: off
+hosts:
+  - name: Router
+    address: 192.168.1.1
+    user: admin
+    port: 2222
+    tags: [home]
+    ssh:
+      proxy_jump: none
+`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !cfg.HasHosts() || cfg.HasNetBox() || cfg.Resolver.HostnameDomain != "example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %+v", cfg)
+	}
+	host := cfg.StaticHost("router")
+	if host == nil || host.Address != "192.168.1.1" || host.User != "admin" || host.Port != 2222 {
+		t.Fatalf("host: %+v", host)
+	}
+	opts := cfg.SSHOptionsFor(SSHHost{Name: "Router", Kind: StaticKind, Tags: []string{"home"}})
+	if opts.ProxyJump != "none" || opts.HostKeyChecking != "off" {
+		t.Fatalf("static host options: %+v", opts)
+	}
+	// A NetBox host of the same name does not get the static host's options.
+	if got := cfg.SSHOptionsFor(SSHHost{Name: "Router", Kind: "device"}); got.ProxyJump != "jh" {
+		t.Fatalf("netbox host: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStaticHostsValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, hosts := range []string{
+		"- {name: a, address: 10.0.0.1}\n  - {name: A, address: 10.0.0.2}",
+		"- {name: 'bad name', address: 10.0.0.1}",
+		"- {name: prod/a, address: 10.0.0.1}",
+		"- {name: a}",
+		"- {name: a, address: '-oProxyCommand=x'}",
+		"- {name: a, address: 10.0.0.1, port: 70000}",
+		"- {name: a, address: 10.0.0.1, user: 'a b'}",
+		"- {name: a, address: 10.0.0.1, ssh: {target: nope}}",
+	} {
+		if _, err := loadYAML(t, "hosts:\n  "+hosts+"\n"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "hosts[") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %v", hosts, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/netbox/client_test.go

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func TestGetIPsWithFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	defer srv.Close()
 
 	c := NewClient(srv.URL, "token", 0)
-	ips, err := c.GetIPsWithFilter(context.Background(), "device_id=1&interface_name=mgmt0")
+	ips, err := c.GetIPsWithFilter(context.Background(), "device_id=1&interface=mgmt0")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("GetIPsWithFilter: %v", err)
 	}

internal/netbox/sources_test.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestMultiSourceSearchAndRouting(t *testing.T) {
 			if err != nil || len(ips) != 1 || ips[0] != tc.ip {
 				t.Fatalf("wrong IP source: %v, %v", ips, err)
 			}
-			ips, err = c.GetIPsWithFilterForHost(ctx, host, "device_id=1&interface_name=mgmt0")
+			ips, err = c.GetIPsWithFilterForHost(ctx, host, "device_id=1&interface=mgmt0")
 			if err != nil || len(ips) != 1 || ips[0] != tc.ip {
 				t.Fatalf("wrong interface source: %v, %v", ips, err)
 			}

internal/resolver/chain.go

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ func newStrategy(name string, cfg config.ResolverConfig) (Strategy, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return s, nil
+	case "hostname":
+		return &HostnameStrategy{domain: cfg.HostnameDomain}, nil
 	case "interface_name":
 		if cfg.InterfaceName == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("interface_name strategy requires resolver.interface_name to be set")

internal/resolver/hostname.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package resolver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/netbox"
+)
+
+var validHostname = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?)*$`)
+
+// HostnameStrategy connects by the NetBox name instead of an IP, so DNS or
+// ~/.ssh/config resolves it. Names without a dot get the optional domain.
+// Names that are no valid hostname fall through to the next strategy.
+type HostnameStrategy struct {
+	domain string
+}
+
+func (s *HostnameStrategy) Name() string { return "hostname" }
+
+func (s *HostnameStrategy) Resolve(_ context.Context, entry *netbox.HostEntry, _ *netbox.Client) (string, error) {
+	name := strings.ToLower(entry.Name)
+	if domain := strings.Trim(s.domain, "."); domain != "" && !strings.Contains(name, ".") {
+		name += "." + strings.ToLower(domain)
+	}
+	if !validHostname.MatchString(name) {
+		return "", ErrNoIP
+	}
+	return name, nil
+}

internal/resolver/hostname_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package resolver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/netbox"
+)
+
+func TestHostnameStrategy(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name, domain, want string
+	}{
+		{"Web01.Example.com", "", "web01.example.com"},
+		{"web01", "example.com", "web01.example.com"},
+		{"web01", ".example.com.", "web01.example.com"},
+		{"web01.lab", "example.com", "web01.lab"}, // already qualified
+	} {
+		got, err := (&HostnameStrategy{domain: tc.domain}).Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{Name: tc.name}, nil)
+		if err != nil || got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("%q + %q: got %q, %v; want %q", tc.name, tc.domain, got, err, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, name := range []string{"Core Switch 1", "-x", "a..b", "web_01"} {
+		if _, err := (&HostnameStrategy{}).Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{Name: name}, nil); err != ErrNoIP {
+			t.Errorf("%q: got %v, want ErrNoIP", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostnameAsFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	chain, err := New(config.ResolverConfig{Strategies: []string{"primary_ip", "hostname"}, HostnameDomain: "example.com"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if ip, _ := chain.Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{Name: "web01", PrimaryIP4: "192.0.2.1"}, nil); ip != "192.0.2.1" {
+		t.Fatalf("primary IP first: %q", ip)
+	}
+	if ip, _ := chain.Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{Name: "web02"}, nil); ip != "web02.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("hostname fallback: %q", ip)
+	}
+}

internal/resolver/interface_name.go

@@ -16,13 +16,16 @@ type InterfaceNameStrategy struct {
 func (s *InterfaceNameStrategy) Name() string { return "interface_name" }
 
 func (s *InterfaceNameStrategy) Resolve(ctx context.Context, entry *netbox.HostEntry, client *netbox.Client) (string, error) {
-	// Build filter parameters for IP addresses attached to the named interface.
+	// NetBox filters IP addresses by interface name with interface= (devices)
+	// and vminterface= (VMs); unknown parameters would be ignored silently and
+	// return every address of the host. A missing interface is an HTTP 400,
+	// which lets the chain try the next strategy.
 	var filterParam string
 	switch entry.Kind {
 	case "device":
-		filterParam = fmt.Sprintf("device_id=%d&interface_name=%s", entry.ID, url.QueryEscape(s.name))
+		filterParam = fmt.Sprintf("device_id=%d&interface=%s", entry.ID, url.QueryEscape(s.name))
 	case "vm":
-		filterParam = fmt.Sprintf("virtual_machine_id=%d&vminterface_name=%s", entry.ID, url.QueryEscape(s.name))
+		filterParam = fmt.Sprintf("virtual_machine_id=%d&vminterface=%s", entry.ID, url.QueryEscape(s.name))
 	default:
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown kind %q", entry.Kind)
 	}

internal/resolver/interface_name_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package resolver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/netbox"
+)
+
+// NetBox ignores unknown filters, so the strategy must use the real filter
+// names; otherwise it silently returns the host's first address.
+func TestInterfaceNameStrategyFilters(t *testing.T) {
+	for kind, want := range map[string]string{
+		"device": "device_id=7&interface=mgmt0",
+		"vm":     "virtual_machine_id=7&vminterface=mgmt0",
+	} {
+		var got string
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			q := r.URL.Query()
+			q.Del("limit")
+			q.Del("offset")
+			got = q.Encode()
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			w.Write([]byte(`{"count":1,"results":[{"address":"10.0.0.7/24"}]}`))
+		}))
+		ip, err := (&InterfaceNameStrategy{name: "mgmt0"}).Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{ID: 7, Kind: kind}, netbox.NewClient(srv.URL, "t", 1))
+		srv.Close()
+		if err != nil || ip != "10.0.0.7" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %q %v", kind, ip, err)
+		}
+		if parsed, _ := urlQuery(want); got != parsed {
+			t.Errorf("%s: query %q, want %q", kind, got, parsed)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInterfaceNameStrategyMissingInterfaceFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Error(w, `{"vminterface":["Select a valid choice."]}`, http.StatusBadRequest)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	client := netbox.NewClient(srv.URL, "t", 1)
+	chain := &Chain{strategies: []Strategy{&InterfaceNameStrategy{name: "mgmt0"}, &PrimaryIPStrategy{}}}
+	ip, err := chain.Resolve(context.Background(), &netbox.HostEntry{ID: 7, Kind: "vm", PrimaryIP4: "10.0.0.9"}, client)
+	if err != nil || ip != "10.0.0.9" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q %v", ip, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func urlQuery(s string) (string, error) {
+	q, err := url.ParseQuery(s)
+	return q.Encode(), err
+}

internal/setup/hosts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package setup
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
+
+	"git.zb-server.de/Sebi/ssh-netbox-wrapper/internal/config"
+)
+
+// configureHosts edits a copy of the static hosts; the caller decides whether to keep it.
+func configureHosts(hosts []config.StaticHost) ([]config.StaticHost, error) {
+	hosts = append([]config.StaticHost(nil), hosts...)
+	for {
+		action := "done"
+		var options []huh.Option[string]
+		for i, host := range hosts {
+			index := strconv.Itoa(i)
+			options = append(options,
+				huh.NewOption("Edit "+host.Name+" ("+host.Address+")", "edit:"+index),
+				huh.NewOption("SSH options for "+host.Name, "ssh:"+index),
+				huh.NewOption("Remove "+host.Name, "remove:"+index))
+		}
+		options = append(options, huh.NewOption("Add host", "add"), huh.NewOption("Back", "done"))
+		err := huh.NewForm(huh.NewGroup(huh.NewSelect[string]().
+			Title("Static hosts").
+			Description("Hosts that are not in NetBox. They are found before NetBox and work offline.").
+			Options(options...).
+			Value(&action))).Run()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if action == "done" {
+			return hosts, nil
+		}
+		if action == "add" {
+			host, err := editHost(config.StaticHost{}, hosts, -1)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			hosts = append(hosts, host)
+			continue
+		}
+		verb, index, _ := strings.Cut(action, ":")
+		i, _ := strconv.Atoi(index)
+		switch verb {
+		case "edit":
+			host, err := editHost(hosts[i], hosts, i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			hosts[i] = host
+		case "ssh":
+			options, err := editSSHOptions("SSH options for "+hosts[i].Name, hosts[i].SSH)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			hosts[i].SSH = options
+		case "remove":
+			remove := false
+			if err := huh.NewConfirm().Title("Remove " + hosts[i].Name + "?").Value(&remove).Run(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if remove {
+				hosts = append(hosts[:i], hosts[i+1:]...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func editHost(host config.StaticHost, hosts []config.StaticHost, index int) (config.StaticHost, error) {
+	name, address, user := host.Name, host.Address, host.User
+	port := ""
+	if host.Port > 0 {
+		port = strconv.Itoa(host.Port)
+	}
+	tags := strings.Join(host.Tags, ", ")
+	candidate := func() config.StaticHost {
+		out := host
+		out.Name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+		out.Address = strings.TrimSpace(address)
+		out.User = strings.TrimSpace(user)
+		out.Port, _ = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(port))
+		out.Tags = splitList(tags)
+		return out
+	}
+	// huh validates the typed value before storing it, so each validator
+	// checks the host with its own field taken from the argument.
+	validate := func(set func(*config.StaticHost, string)) func(string) error {
+		return func(value string) error {
+			h := candidate()
+			set(&h, strings.TrimSpace(value))
+			return validateHostIn(h, hosts, index)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := huh.NewForm(huh.NewGroup(
+		huh.NewInput().Title("Name").Description("What you type: netssh NAME. Letters, digits, dots, hyphens.").Value(&name).
+			Validate(validate(func(h *config.StaticHost, v string) { h.Name = v })),
+		huh.NewInput().Title("Address").Description("IP address or DNS name to connect to.").Value(&address).
+			Validate(validate(func(h *config.StaticHost, v string) {
+				h.Address = v
+				if v == "" {
+					h.Address = "-" // required: reported as invalid address
+				}
+			})),
+		huh.NewInput().Title("User").Description("Leave empty for ssh.default_user.").Value(&user).
+			Validate(validate(func(h *config.StaticHost, v string) { h.User = v })),
+		huh.NewInput().Title("Port").Description("Leave empty for ssh.default_port or 22.").Value(&port).Validate(func(s string) error {
+			if s = strings.TrimSpace(s); s == "" {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil || n < 1 || n > 65535 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("must be a port number between 1 and 65535")
+			}
+			return nil
+		}),
+		huh.NewInput().Title("Tags").Description("Comma-separated, for ssh.rules match: {tag: …}.").Value(&tags),
+	).Title("Static host")).Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return host, err
+	}
+	return candidate(), nil
+}
+
+// validateHostIn checks host as entry index of hosts (-1 for a new host).
+func validateHostIn(host config.StaticHost, hosts []config.StaticHost, index int) error {
+	others := make([]config.StaticHost, 0, len(hosts)+1)
+	for i, other := range hosts {
+		if i != index {
+			others = append(others, other)
+		}
+	}
+	if host.Address == "" {
+		host.Address = "placeholder" // reported once the address field is filled
+	}
+	return (&config.Config{Hosts: append(others, host)}).ValidateHosts()
+}

internal/setup/instances.go

@@ -20,6 +20,18 @@ func configureInstances(cfg *config.Config) ([]config.NetBoxConfig, error) {
 	}
 	for {
 		if len(sources) == 0 {
+			choice := "add"
+			err := huh.NewForm(huh.NewGroup(huh.NewSelect[string]().
+				Title("NetBox").
+				Description("netssh looks up hosts in NetBox. Without NetBox, only static hosts (configured next) are available.").
+				Options(huh.NewOption("Add a NetBox instance", "add"), huh.NewOption("Continue without NetBox (static hosts only)", "none")).
+				Value(&choice))).Run()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if choice == "none" {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
 			source, err := editInstance(config.NetBoxConfig{Name: "default"}, sources, "")
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err

internal/setup/wizard.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func RunWizard(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	c := cache.New(loaded.CachePath(), loaded.Cache.TTL)
+	c := cache.New(loaded.CachePath(), loaded.Cache.TTL).WithStatic(loaded.Hosts)
 	if err := c.Load(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("updating aliases: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func runMenu(cfg *config.Config) error {
 				huh.NewOption("SSH defaults — user, port", "defaults"),
 				huh.NewOption("SSH options — jump host, host keys, target, -o, forwards", "ssh"),
 				huh.NewOption(fmt.Sprintf("SSH rules — per tag, instance, kind, name (%d)", len(cfg.SSH.Rules)), "rules"),
+				huh.NewOption(fmt.Sprintf("Static hosts — hosts not in NetBox (%d)", len(cfg.Hosts)), "hosts"),
 				huh.NewOption("Resolver & cache", "resolver"),
 				huh.NewOption("Shortcuts & command alias", "shortcuts"),
 				huh.NewOption("Completion", "completion"),
@@ -109,6 +110,11 @@ func runMenu(cfg *config.Config) error {
 			if rules, err = configureRules(cfg.SSH.Rules, cfg.NetBoxes); err == nil {
 				cfg.SSH.Rules = rules
 			}
+		case "hosts":
+			var hosts []config.StaticHost
+			if hosts, err = configureHosts(cfg.Hosts); err == nil {
+				cfg.Hosts = hosts
+			}
 		case "resolver":
 			err = editResolverCache(cfg)
 		case "shortcuts":
@@ -163,12 +169,13 @@ func editResolverCache(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	strategiesRaw := strings.Join(cfg.Resolver.Strategies, ", ")
 	subnets := strings.Join(cfg.Resolver.ManagementSubnets, ", ")
 	interfaceName := cfg.Resolver.InterfaceName
+	hostnameDomain := cfg.Resolver.HostnameDomain
 	cacheTTL := strconv.Itoa(cfg.Cache.TTL)
 	cachePath := cfg.Cache.Path
 	err := huh.NewForm(huh.NewGroup(
 		huh.NewInput().
 			Title("Resolver strategies").
-			Description("Comma-separated, in priority order. First match wins.\nAvailable: primary_ip, management_subnet, interface_name").
+			Description("Comma-separated, in priority order. First match wins.\nAvailable: primary_ip, management_subnet, interface_name, hostname").
 			Placeholder("primary_ip, management_subnet").
 			Value(&strategiesRaw).
 			Validate(validateStrategies),
@@ -181,6 +188,10 @@ func editResolverCache(cfg *config.Config) error {
 			Description("Only used when interface_name strategy is active.").
 			Placeholder("eth0").
 			Value(&interfaceName),
+		huh.NewInput().
+			Title("Hostname domain").
+			Description("Only used by the hostname strategy: appended to NetBox names without a dot,\ne.g. example.com turns web01 into web01.example.com.").
+			Value(&hostnameDomain),
 		huh.NewInput().
 			Title("Cache TTL (seconds)").
 			Value(&cacheTTL).
@@ -201,6 +212,7 @@ func editResolverCache(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	cfg.Resolver.Strategies = parseStrategies(strategiesRaw)
 	cfg.Resolver.ManagementSubnets = splitList(subnets)
 	cfg.Resolver.InterfaceName = strings.TrimSpace(interfaceName)
+	cfg.Resolver.HostnameDomain = strings.Trim(strings.TrimSpace(hostnameDomain), ".")
 	cfg.Cache.TTL, _ = strconv.Atoi(cacheTTL)
 	cfg.Cache.Path = strings.TrimSpace(cachePath)
 	return nil
@@ -321,6 +333,7 @@ var knownStrategies = map[string]bool{
 	"primary_ip":        true,
 	"management_subnet": true,
 	"interface_name":    true,
+	"hostname":          true,
 }
 
 func validateStrategies(s string) error {
@@ -329,7 +342,7 @@ func validateStrategies(s string) error {
 	}
 	for _, name := range parseStrategies(s) {
 		if !knownStrategies[name] {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy %q — available: primary_ip, management_subnet, interface_name", name)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy %q — available: primary_ip, management_subnet, interface_name, hostname", name)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -337,6 +350,9 @@ func validateStrategies(s string) error {
 
 func parseStrategies(s string) []string { return splitList(s) }
 
+// Save validates cfg and writes it to the config file, replacing the old file.
+func Save(cfg config.Config) error { return save(cfg) }
+
 func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 	if err := config.ValidateCommandAlias(cfg.Shell.Alias); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -350,6 +366,9 @@ func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 	if err := cfg.Shortcuts.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := cfg.ValidateHosts(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	path := config.Path()
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o700); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("creating config dir: %w", err)
@@ -365,7 +384,7 @@ func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 				writeSSHOptions(&b, "      ", source.SSH)
 			}
 		}
-	} else {
+	} else if cfg.NetBox.URL != "" || len(cfg.Hosts) == 0 {
 		b.WriteString("netbox:\n")
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  url: %q\n  token: %q\n  token_version: %d\n", cfg.NetBox.URL, cfg.NetBox.Token, cfg.NetBox.TokenVersion)
 		if !sshOptionsEmpty(cfg.NetBox.SSH) {
@@ -388,6 +407,9 @@ func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 	if cfg.Resolver.InterfaceName != "" {
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  interface_name: %q\n", cfg.Resolver.InterfaceName)
 	}
+	if cfg.Resolver.HostnameDomain != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  hostname_domain: %q\n", cfg.Resolver.HostnameDomain)
+	}
 
 	b.WriteString("\ncache:\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  ttl: %d\n", cfg.Cache.TTL)
@@ -416,6 +438,29 @@ func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if len(cfg.Hosts) > 0 {
+		b.WriteString("\nhosts:\n")
+		for _, host := range cfg.Hosts {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  - name: %q\n    address: %q\n", host.Name, host.Address)
+			if host.User != "" {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    user: %q\n", host.User)
+			}
+			if host.Port > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    port: %d\n", host.Port)
+			}
+			if len(host.Tags) > 0 {
+				b.WriteString("    tags:\n")
+				for _, tag := range host.Tags {
+					fmt.Fprintf(&b, "      - %q\n", tag)
+				}
+			}
+			if !sshOptionsEmpty(host.SSH) {
+				b.WriteString("    ssh:\n")
+				writeSSHOptions(&b, "      ", host.SSH)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if cfg.Completion.MaxResults > 0 {
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\ncompletion:\n  max_results: %d\n", cfg.Completion.MaxResults)
 	}
@@ -443,7 +488,7 @@ func save(cfg config.Config) error {
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\nshell:\n  alias: %q\n", cfg.Shell.Alias)
 	}
 
-	if err := storage.WriteFile(path, []byte(b.String()), 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err := storage.WriteFile(path, []byte(strings.TrimLeft(b.String(), "\n")), 0o600); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("writing config: %w", err)
 	}
 

internal/setup/wizard_test.go

@@ -295,6 +295,12 @@ func TestParseStrategies_PreservesOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestValidateStrategiesHostname(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := validateStrategies("primary_ip, hostname"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateStrategies_Valid(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []string{
 		"primary_ip",
@@ -568,3 +574,46 @@ func TestSaveForwardsRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("forwards lost: %+v / %+v / %+v", loaded.SSH.Forwards, loaded.NetBoxes[0].SSH.Forwards, loaded.SSH.Rules)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSaveStaticHostsRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
+	hosts := []config.StaticHost{
+		{Name: "router", Address: "192.168.1.1", User: "admin", Port: 2222, Tags: []string{"home"}, SSH: config.SSHOptions{ProxyJump: "none"}},
+		{Name: "nas", Address: "nas.example.org"},
+	}
+	cfg := config.Config{
+		Resolver: config.ResolverConfig{Strategies: []string{"primary_ip", "hostname"}, HostnameDomain: "example.com"},
+		Hosts:    hosts,
+	}
+	if err := save(cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(config.Path())
+	if strings.Contains(string(data), "netbox:") {
+		t.Fatalf("static-only config got an empty netbox section:\n%s", data)
+	}
+	loaded, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(loaded.Hosts, hosts) || loaded.Resolver.HostnameDomain != "example.com" || loaded.HasNetBox() {
+		t.Fatalf("got %+v / %+v", loaded.Hosts, loaded.Resolver)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateHostIn(t *testing.T) {
+	hosts := []config.StaticHost{{Name: "router", Address: "10.0.0.1"}, {Name: "nas", Address: "10.0.0.2"}}
+	if err := validateHostIn(config.StaticHost{Name: "Router", Address: "10.0.0.9"}, hosts, -1); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("duplicate name accepted")
+	}
+	if err := validateHostIn(config.StaticHost{Name: "router", Address: "10.0.0.9"}, hosts, 0); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("editing a host in place rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := validateHostIn(config.StaticHost{Name: "new"}, hosts, -1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty address while typing rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := validateHostIn(config.StaticHost{Name: "new", Address: "a b"}, hosts, -1); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid address accepted")
+	}
+}

internal/shortcuts/shortcuts.go

@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ func MakeNormalizer(cfg config.ShortcutsConfig) func(string) string {
 // It normalizes the name (strips configured domains, applies rewrites, optionally strips hyphens) then
 // replaces any remaining dots with underscores so the result is a valid identifier.
 func AliasName(name string, cfg config.ShortcutsConfig) string {
-	s := Normalize(name, cfg)
+	// Shorten only the hostname: anchored rewrite rules must not see "instance/".
+	prefix := ""
+	if source, host, ok := strings.Cut(name, "/"); ok {
+		prefix, name = strings.ToLower(source)+"_", host
+	}
+	s := prefix + Normalize(name, cfg)
 	return strings.NewReplacer(".", "_", "/", "_").Replace(s)
 }

internal/shortcuts/shortcuts_test.go

@@ -115,3 +115,13 @@ func TestNormalizeRewritesOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("got %q", got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAliasNameRewritesInstanceQualifiedHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := config.ShortcutsConfig{
+		Domains:  []string{".hoster.test"},
+		Rewrites: []config.ShortcutRewrite{{Pattern: `^([a-z]+)[0-9]+-`, Replace: "$1"}},
+	}
+	if got := shortcuts.AliasName("fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test", cfg); got != "fsn_fsnpve1" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/ssh/args.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (c Client) Parse(args []string) *ParsedArgs {
 func (c Client) parsed(args []string, i int) *ParsedArgs {
 	dest, path := args[i], ""
 	if c.paths {
-		if d, p, remote := splitRemote(dest); remote {
+		if d, p, remote := c.splitRemote(dest); remote {
 			dest, path = d, p
 		}
 	}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (c Client) replaceHost(args []string, dests []int, newHost string) []string
 			prefix, original = original[:at+1], original[at+1:]
 		}
 		if c.paths {
-			if _, path, remote := splitRemote(original); remote {
+			if _, path, remote := c.splitRemote(original); remote {
 				suffix = ":" + path
 			}
 		}

internal/ssh/client.go

@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ type Client struct {
 	port    byte          // flag for the port: -p (ssh) or -P (sftp, scp)
 	user    byte          // flag for the login user; 0 when only user@ or -o User work
 	paths   bool          // destinations are host[:path]
+	// instances are the configured NetBox instance names; "inst/host:path"
+	// is remote only for these, so local paths like "dir/file:x" stay local.
+	instances map[string]bool
+}
+
+// WithInstances returns c aware of the NetBox instance prefixes in host:path.
+func (c Client) WithInstances(names []string) Client {
+	c.instances = make(map[string]bool, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		c.instances[strings.ToLower(name)] = true
+	}
+	return c
 }
 
 var (
@@ -61,7 +73,7 @@ func (c Client) Operands(args []string) ([]Operand, error) {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "scp://") || strings.HasPrefix(arg, "sftp://") {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q: use host:path instead of a URI", arg)
 		}
-		dest, path, remote := splitRemote(arg)
+		dest, path, remote := c.splitRemote(arg)
 		if !remote {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -105,9 +117,22 @@ func (c Client) insertionPoint(args []string) int {
 	return len(args)
 }
 
-// splitRemote mirrors scp's colon(): an argument is remote when a ':' comes
+// splitRemote is splitHostPath with netssh's [user@]instance/host:path form.
+func (c Client) splitRemote(arg string) (dest, path string, remote bool) {
+	if head, rest, ok := strings.Cut(arg, "/"); ok {
+		instance := head[strings.LastIndex(head, "@")+1:]
+		if c.instances[strings.ToLower(instance)] {
+			if d, p, r := splitHostPath(rest); r {
+				return head + "/" + d, p, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return splitHostPath(arg)
+}
+
+// splitHostPath mirrors scp's colon(): an argument is remote when a ':' comes
 // before any '/'. A leading "[" starts a bracketed IPv6 address.
-func splitRemote(arg string) (dest, path string, remote bool) {
+func splitHostPath(arg string) (dest, path string, remote bool) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(arg, ".") {
 		return "", "", false
 	}

internal/ssh/client_test.go

@@ -154,3 +154,27 @@ func TestApplyInsertsOptionsBeforeDoubleDash(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
+
+// Instance-qualified hosts contain "/" before the ":" of host:path; only
+// configured instances make such an argument remote.
+func TestInstanceQualifiedHostPath(t *testing.T) {
+	scp := SCP.WithInstances([]string{"prod"})
+	ops, err := scp.Operands([]string{"a.txt", "ops@prod/web01:/tmp/", "dir/file:x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := []Operand{{Idx: 1, User: "ops", Host: "prod/web01", Path: "/tmp/"}}; !reflect.DeepEqual(ops, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %+v", ops)
+	}
+	got := scp.Apply([]string{"a.txt", "ops@prod/web01:/tmp/"}, []int{1}, Host{Name: "web01", IP: "192.0.2.1"}, config.SSHOptions{}, WrapperFlags{}).Args
+	if want := []string{"a.txt", "ops@192.0.2.1:/tmp/"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("apply: %v", got)
+	}
+	sftp := SFTP.WithInstances([]string{"prod"})
+	if p := sftp.Parse([]string{"prod/web01:/var/log"}); p == nil || p.Host != "prod/web01" || p.Path != "/var/log" {
+		t.Fatalf("sftp: %+v", p)
+	}
+	if ops, _ := SCP.Operands([]string{"prod/web01:/tmp/", "."}); len(ops) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("unknown instance must stay local: %+v", ops)
+	}
+}

testenv/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# netssh test environment
+
+A local Docker environment for testing every netssh feature against real
+services: two NetBox instances, SSH targets on three networks, a jump host,
+and a client with ssh, sftp, scp, tmux, zellij, bash, zsh, and fish. It is for
+local use only and is not part of CI/CD.
+
+```sh
+testenv/up.sh            # build, start, seed NetBox (first start ~6 min, then ~1 min)
+testenv/test.sh          # run all tests; testenv/test.sh tunnel runs only matching files
+testenv/shell.sh         # interactive shell in the client, netssh configured
+testenv/down.sh          # stop and delete everything (volumes, generated state)
+```
+
+`test.sh` rebuilds the client image first, so the tests always run the current
+source. `NO_BUILD=1 testenv/test.sh` skips that. Exit code 1 if any check fails.
+
+Requirements: Docker with Compose v2, about 3 GB RAM, ports 18000/18001 on
+127.0.0.1 free.
+
+## Topology
+
+```
+public 10.231.0.0/24 + fd00:30::/64   mgmt 10.231.1.0/24           prod 10.231.2.0/24
+ client .10 ────────────┬─ bastion .30 ───────────────────────────────┬─ (only via bastion)
+ netbox-fsn .20         │                 fsn1-pve1..3 .11-.13 (mgmt0) │  fsn1-pve1..3 .11-.13 (eth0)
+ netbox-lab .21         │                 lab-db1 .41, lab-web1 .42    │  web1 .21, web2 .22
+ legacy-box .50         client .10 ───────┘
+ v6-host fd00:30::60
+```
+
+| NetBox | Host | Kind | Primary IP | Other | Tags |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| fsn | `fsn1-pve1..3.hoster.test` | device, cluster `pve-fsn1` | eth0 = prod (needs bastion) | mgmt0 = mgmt (direct) | `pve` |
+| fsn | `bastion.hoster.test` | device | 10.231.0.30 | | `bastion` |
+| fsn | `v6-host` | device | fd00:30::60 (IPv6 only) | | `ipv6` |
+| fsn | `web1`, `web2` | VM, cluster `pve-fsn1` | prod (needs bastion) | | `web` |
+| lab | `lab-db1` | device | 10.231.1.41 | | `db` |
+| lab | `web1` | VM, cluster `lab-k8s` | 10.231.1.42 | | `web` |
+| — | `legacy-box` (10.231.0.50) | static host | | | |
+
+- **fsn** uses a v2 token (`nbt_…`), **lab** a legacy v1 token; both come from `.state/env`.
+- `web1` exists in both instances (ambiguity, `instance/host`).
+- Docker DNS resolves the `*.hoster.test` names on the mgmt network (`hostname` strategy).
+- Every target runs sshd on ports 22 and 2222 with users `ops` and `admin`, and an HTTP server on its own 127.0.0.1:8081 for tunnel tests ("hello from HOST").
+- NetBox UI: http://127.0.0.1:18000 (fsn), http://127.0.0.1:18001 (lab), login `admin` / `admin`.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `compose.yaml` | All services and networks. |
+| `client.Dockerfile`, `client-entrypoint.sh` | Client image; builds netssh from the repository. |
+| `targets/` | SSH target image (sshd config, entrypoint). |
+| `seed/seed.py` | Fills both NetBox instances via the REST API (idempotent), writes `.state/`. |
+| `tests/run.sh`, `tests/lib.sh` | Test runner and helpers (`check`, `expect_out`, `expect_eq`, `expect_fail`, `wait_for`). |
+| `tests/NN-*.sh` | Test files; each runs in a fresh `HOME`. |
+| `tests/drive.py` | Drives `netssh configure` in huh's accessible mode. |
+| `.keys/`, `.state/` | Generated test key and seed output (git-ignored). |
+
+## Writing tests
+
+Each `tests/NN-name.sh` is sourced by `run.sh` in a subshell with a new
+`HOME`, `XDG_CONFIG_HOME`, and `XDG_CACHE_HOME`. Write the netssh config with
+`config <<'EOF' … EOF` (both NetBox instances plus your YAML) or `config_only`
+(no NetBox), then use the helpers:
+
+```sh
+config <<'EOF'
+ssh: {default_user: ops}
+EOF
+expect_eq   "connect"   "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_out  "dry run"   "-J ops@10.231.0.30" netssh --dry-run fsn/web1
+expect_fail "ambiguous" "found 2 exact matches" netssh web1
+```
+
+ssh always reads `/home/tester/.ssh/config` (OpenSSH ignores `$HOME`): it uses
+the test key, `BatchMode`, `StrictHostKeyChecking accept-new`, and
+`LogLevel ERROR`. Tests that need their own known_hosts set
+`ssh.options.UserKnownHostsFile`. The TUI test runs netssh inside tmux and
+reads the screen with `tmux capture-pane`.
+
+## Not covered
+
+- The installer (`install.sh`) downloads release assets from Gitea; it is tested by the Go tests with local fixtures.
+- macOS paths and behaviour.
+- `netssh uninstall` runs only with `--dry-run`, so the client keeps its binary.

testenv/client-entrypoint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ssh reads ~/.ssh from the passwd entry, not $HOME, so the key and ssh config
+# live in /home/tester for every test; tests isolate netssh via HOME/XDG_*.
+set -eu
+mkdir -p /home/tester/.ssh
+if [ -f /keys/id_ed25519 ]; then
+  install -m 600 /keys/id_ed25519 /home/tester/.ssh/id_ed25519
+fi
+cat >/home/tester/.ssh/config <<'EOF'
+Host *
+  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
+  IdentitiesOnly yes
+  BatchMode yes
+  ConnectTimeout 5
+  StrictHostKeyChecking accept-new
+  LogLevel ERROR
+EOF
+chmod 700 /home/tester/.ssh
+chmod 600 /home/tester/.ssh/config
+exec "$@"

testenv/client.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Client for the netssh test environment: netssh built from this repository
+# plus everything it drives or integrates with (ssh, sftp, scp, tmux, zellij,
+# bash, zsh, fish). Rebuild after code changes: testenv/up.sh or
+# docker compose -f testenv/compose.yaml build client
+FROM golang:1.27.4-alpine3.23 AS build
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
+COPY cmd ./cmd
+COPY internal ./internal
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o /out/netssh ./cmd/netssh
+
+FROM alpine:3.23
+RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-client-default tmux zellij bash zsh fish bash-completion \
+      curl python3 jq ncurses coreutils \
+ && adduser -D -s /bin/bash tester
+COPY --from=build /out/netssh /usr/local/bin/netssh
+COPY testenv/client-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
+USER tester
+WORKDIR /home/tester
+ENV TERM=xterm-256color LANG=C.UTF-8
+ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
+CMD ["sleep", "infinity"]

testenv/compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# netssh test environment — local only, not used by CI/CD. See testenv/README.md.
+#
+#   public 10.231.0.0/24 + fd00:30::/64   client, NetBox x2, bastion, static host, IPv6 host
+#   mgmt   10.231.1.0/24                  client, Proxmox nodes (mgmt0), lab hosts
+#   prod   10.231.2.0/24                  bastion, Proxmox nodes (eth0), VMs — not reachable from the client
+name: netssh-test
+
+x-netbox: &netbox
+  image: netboxcommunity/netbox:v4.7.4-5.1.1
+  depends_on:
+    postgres: {condition: service_healthy}
+    redis: {condition: service_healthy}
+  healthcheck:
+    test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -sf http://localhost:8080/login/ >/dev/null"]
+    interval: 10s
+    timeout: 5s
+    retries: 60
+    start_period: 60s
+
+x-netbox-env: &netbox-env
+  DB_HOST: postgres
+  DB_USER: netbox
+  DB_PASSWORD: netbox
+  REDIS_HOST: redis
+  SECRET_KEY: netssh-test-environment-secret-key-0123456789-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+  API_TOKEN_PEPPER_1: netssh-test-environment-pepper-0123456789-abcdefghijklmnop
+  SUPERUSER_NAME: admin
+  SUPERUSER_EMAIL: admin@example.com
+  SUPERUSER_PASSWORD: admin
+  SUPERUSER_API_KEY: netsshtest01
+  SUPERUSER_API_TOKEN: 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567
+  SKIP_SUPERUSER: "false"
+
+x-target: &target
+  build:
+    context: ..
+    dockerfile: testenv/targets/target.Dockerfile
+  image: netssh-test-target
+  volumes:
+    - ./.keys/authorized_keys:/keys/authorized_keys:ro
+
+services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:18-alpine
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_USER: netbox
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: netbox
+      POSTGRES_DB: netbox
+    volumes:
+      - ./postgres-init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql:ro
+      - postgres:/var/lib/postgresql
+    networks: [backend]
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U netbox"]
+      interval: 5s
+      retries: 30
+
+  redis:
+    image: redis:8-alpine
+    networks: [backend]
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
+      interval: 5s
+      retries: 30
+
+  netbox-fsn:
+    <<: *netbox
+    hostname: netbox-fsn
+    environment:
+      <<: *netbox-env
+      DB_NAME: netbox_fsn
+      REDIS_DATABASE: "0"
+      REDIS_CACHE_DATABASE: "1"
+    ports: ["127.0.0.1:18000:8080"]
+    networks:
+      backend: {}
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.20}
+
+  netbox-lab:
+    <<: *netbox
+    hostname: netbox-lab
+    environment:
+      <<: *netbox-env
+      DB_NAME: netbox_lab
+      REDIS_DATABASE: "2"
+      REDIS_CACHE_DATABASE: "3"
+    ports: ["127.0.0.1:18001:8080"]
+    networks:
+      backend: {}
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.21}
+
+  # Jump host: the only way from the client into the prod network.
+  bastion:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: bastion
+    networks:
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.30, aliases: [bastion.hoster.test]}
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.30}
+
+  fsn1-pve1:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: fsn1-pve1
+    networks:
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.11, aliases: [fsn1-pve1.hoster.test]}
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.11}
+  fsn1-pve2:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: fsn1-pve2
+    networks:
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.12, aliases: [fsn1-pve2.hoster.test]}
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.12}
+  fsn1-pve3:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: fsn1-pve3
+    networks:
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.13, aliases: [fsn1-pve3.hoster.test]}
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.13}
+
+  # VMs of cluster pve-fsn1: only in prod, so they need the bastion.
+  web1:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: web1
+    networks:
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.21}
+  web2:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: web2
+    networks:
+      prod: {ipv4_address: 10.231.2.22}
+
+  # NetBox instance "lab": a device and a VM named web1 like the fsn VM.
+  lab-db1:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: lab-db1
+    networks:
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.41}
+  lab-web1:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: lab-web1
+    networks:
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.42}
+
+  # Not in NetBox: tested as a static host.
+  legacy-box:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: legacy-box
+    networks:
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.50}
+
+  # In NetBox with an IPv6 primary address only.
+  v6-host:
+    <<: *target
+    hostname: v6-host
+    networks:
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.60, ipv6_address: "fd00:30::60"}
+
+  client:
+    build:
+      context: ..
+      dockerfile: testenv/client.Dockerfile
+    image: netssh-test-client
+    hostname: client
+    init: true
+    volumes:
+      - ./.keys:/keys:ro
+      - ./.state:/state
+      - ./tests:/tests:ro
+    networks:
+      public: {ipv4_address: 10.231.0.10, ipv6_address: "fd00:30::10"}
+      mgmt: {ipv4_address: 10.231.1.10}
+
+  # Fills both NetBox instances and writes /state/netssh.yaml, then exits.
+  seed:
+    image: netssh-test-client
+    depends_on:
+      client: {condition: service_started}
+      netbox-fsn: {condition: service_healthy}
+      netbox-lab: {condition: service_healthy}
+    volumes:
+      - ./.state:/state
+      - ./seed:/seed:ro
+    networks:
+      public: {}
+    command: ["python3", "/seed/seed.py"]
+    restart: "no"
+
+# Fixed subnets outside Docker's default address pools (172.17-31.x, 192.168.x),
+# so automatically numbered networks of other projects cannot collide.
+networks:
+  backend:
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 10.231.3.0/24
+  public:
+    enable_ipv6: true
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 10.231.0.0/24
+        - subnet: fd00:30::/64
+  mgmt:
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 10.231.1.0/24
+  prod:
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 10.231.2.0/24
+
+volumes:
+  postgres: {}

testenv/down.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Stop the netssh test environment and remove its volumes and state.
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+docker compose -f compose.yaml down -v --remove-orphans
+rm -rf .state

testenv/postgres-init.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- One Postgres serves both NetBox instances of the test environment.
+CREATE DATABASE netbox_fsn OWNER netbox;
+CREATE DATABASE netbox_lab OWNER netbox;

testenv/seed/seed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""Fill both NetBox instances of the netssh test environment.
+
+Idempotent: objects are looked up before they are created, so running the
+seed again leaves NetBox unchanged. Writes /state/env (tokens) and
+/state/netssh.yaml (base config for the tests).
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
+
+FSN = "http://10.231.0.20:8080"
+LAB = "http://10.231.0.21:8080"
+# Superuser v2 token from compose.yaml (SUPERUSER_API_KEY / SUPERUSER_API_TOKEN).
+V2_TOKEN = "nbt_netsshtest01.0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567"
+STATE = "/state"
+
+
+class NetBox:
+    def __init__(self, url):
+        self.url = url
+
+    def call(self, method, path, body=None):
+        data = json.dumps(body).encode() if body is not None else None
+        req = urllib.request.Request(self.url + "/api/" + path, data=data, method=method)
+        req.add_header("Authorization", "Bearer " + V2_TOKEN)
+        req.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        req.add_header("Accept", "application/json")
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30) as resp:
+                raw = resp.read()
+                return json.loads(raw) if raw else None
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
+            sys.exit(f"{method} {path}: HTTP {err.code}: {err.read().decode(errors='replace')}")
+
+    def find(self, path, **filters):
+        query = "&".join(f"{k}={urllib.request.quote(str(v))}" for k, v in filters.items())
+        results = self.call("GET", f"{path}?{query}&limit=2")["results"]
+        return results[0] if results else None
+
+    def ensure(self, path, lookup, body):
+        """Return the object matching lookup, creating it from body if missing."""
+        found = self.find(path, **lookup)
+        if found:
+            return found
+        return self.call("POST", path, body)
+
+    def wait(self):
+        for _ in range(120):
+            try:
+                self.call("GET", "status/")
+                return
+            except SystemExit:
+                pass
+            except (urllib.error.URLError, ConnectionError, TimeoutError):
+                pass
+            time.sleep(5)
+        sys.exit(f"NetBox {self.url} did not become ready")
+
+
+def base(nb, site, cluster_type, cluster):
+    for tag in ("pve", "web", "bastion", "db", "ipv6"):
+        nb.ensure("extras/tags/", {"slug": tag}, {"name": tag, "slug": tag})
+    site = nb.ensure("dcim/sites/", {"slug": site}, {"name": site, "slug": site, "status": "active"})
+    mfr = nb.ensure("dcim/manufacturers/", {"slug": "generic"}, {"name": "Generic", "slug": "generic"})
+    role = nb.ensure("dcim/device-roles/", {"slug": "server"}, {"name": "Server", "slug": "server", "color": "2196f3"})
+    dtype = nb.ensure("dcim/device-types/", {"slug": "generic-server"},
+                      {"manufacturer": mfr["id"], "model": "Generic Server", "slug": "generic-server"})
+    ctype = nb.ensure("virtualization/cluster-types/", {"slug": cluster_type},
+                      {"name": cluster_type, "slug": cluster_type})
+    cluster = nb.ensure("virtualization/clusters/", {"name": cluster},
+                        {"name": cluster, "type": ctype["id"], "status": "active"})
+    return {"site": site["id"], "role": role["id"], "type": dtype["id"], "cluster": cluster["id"]}
+
+
+def device(nb, ids, name, ips, tags=(), cluster=False, comments=""):
+    """ips: list of (interface, address, primary) with primary in (None, 4, 6)."""
+    body = {"name": name, "role": ids["role"], "device_type": ids["type"], "site": ids["site"],
+            "status": "active", "tags": [{"slug": t} for t in tags], "comments": comments}
+    if cluster:
+        body["cluster"] = ids["cluster"]
+    dev = nb.ensure("dcim/devices/", {"name": name}, body)
+    primary = {}
+    for ifname, address, family in ips:
+        iface = nb.ensure("dcim/interfaces/", {"device_id": dev["id"], "name": ifname},
+                          {"device": dev["id"], "name": ifname, "type": "1000base-t"})
+        ip = nb.ensure("ipam/ip-addresses/", {"address": address},
+                       {"address": address, "assigned_object_type": "dcim.interface", "assigned_object_id": iface["id"]})
+        if family:
+            primary[f"primary_ip{family}"] = ip["id"]
+    if primary:
+        nb.call("PATCH", f"dcim/devices/{dev['id']}/", primary)
+
+
+def vm(nb, ids, name, address, tags=()):
+    machine = nb.ensure("virtualization/virtual-machines/", {"name": name},
+                        {"name": name, "cluster": ids["cluster"], "status": "active",
+                         "tags": [{"slug": t} for t in tags]})
+    iface = nb.ensure("virtualization/interfaces/", {"virtual_machine_id": machine["id"], "name": "eth0"},
+                      {"virtual_machine": machine["id"], "name": "eth0"})
+    ip = nb.ensure("ipam/ip-addresses/", {"address": address},
+                   {"address": address, "assigned_object_type": "virtualization.vminterface",
+                    "assigned_object_id": iface["id"]})
+    nb.call("PATCH", f"virtualization/virtual-machines/{machine['id']}/", {"primary_ip4": ip["id"]})
+
+
+def v1_token(nb):
+    """A legacy v1 token for the lab instance, reused from /state/env if present."""
+    env = read_env()
+    if env.get("LAB_TOKEN"):
+        return env["LAB_TOKEN"]
+    user = nb.find("users/users/", username="admin")
+    token = nb.call("POST", "users/tokens/", {"user": user["id"], "version": 1, "description": "netssh v1 test"})
+    plaintext = token.get("token") or token.get("plaintext")
+    if not plaintext:
+        sys.exit(f"v1 token response without plaintext: {token}")
+    return plaintext
+
+
+def read_env():
+    env = {}
+    try:
+        with open(os.path.join(STATE, "env")) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                key, _, value = line.strip().partition("=")
+                env[key] = value
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
+    return env
+
+
+def main():
+    fsn, lab = NetBox(FSN), NetBox(LAB)
+    fsn.wait()
+    lab.wait()
+
+    ids = base(fsn, "fsn1", "proxmox", "pve-fsn1")
+    for n in (1, 2, 3):
+        device(fsn, ids, f"fsn1-pve{n}.hoster.test",
+               [("eth0", f"10.231.2.1{n}/24", 4), ("mgmt0", f"10.231.1.1{n}/24", None)],
+               tags=("pve",), cluster=True, comments=f"Proxmox node {n}")
+    device(fsn, ids, "bastion.hoster.test", [("eth0", "10.231.0.30/24", 4)], tags=("bastion",))
+    device(fsn, ids, "v6-host", [("eth0", "fd00:30::60/64", 6)], tags=("ipv6",))
+    vm(fsn, ids, "web1", "10.231.2.21/24", tags=("web",))
+    vm(fsn, ids, "web2", "10.231.2.22/24", tags=("web",))
+
+    ids = base(lab, "lab", "kubernetes", "lab-k8s")
+    device(lab, ids, "lab-db1", [("eth0", "10.231.1.41/24", 4)], tags=("db",))
+    vm(lab, ids, "web1", "10.231.1.42/24", tags=("web",))
+
+    lab_token = v1_token(lab)
+    os.makedirs(STATE, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(os.path.join(STATE, "env"), "w") as f:
+        f.write(f"FSN_URL={FSN}\nLAB_URL={LAB}\nFSN_TOKEN={V2_TOKEN}\nLAB_TOKEN={lab_token}\n")
+    with open(os.path.join(STATE, "netssh.yaml"), "w") as f:
+        f.write(f"""netboxes:
+  - name: fsn
+    url: "{FSN}"
+    token: "{V2_TOKEN}"
+  - name: lab
+    url: "{LAB}"
+    token: "{lab_token}"
+""")
+    print("seed: done (fsn: 3 nodes, bastion, v6-host, 2 VMs; lab: lab-db1, web1)")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

testenv/shell.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Interactive shell in the client with a ready netssh config (fresh home).
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+exec docker compose -f compose.yaml exec -it client bash -c '
+  . /tests/lib.sh
+  new_home
+  base_config >"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml" <<EOF
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  host_key_checking: accept-new
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: vm, instance: fsn}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+EOF
+  echo "netssh is configured (HOME=$HOME). Try: netssh cache refresh && netssh"
+  exec bash -i'

testenv/targets/entrypoint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Prepares host keys and the test users, starts a small HTTP server for the
+# tunnel tests (reachable only on the target itself), then runs sshd.
+set -eu
+
+[ -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key ] || ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
+
+for user in ops admin; do
+  home="/home/$user"
+  mkdir -p "$home/.ssh"
+  cp /keys/authorized_keys "$home/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+  chown -R "$user:$user" "$home/.ssh"
+  chmod 700 "$home/.ssh"
+  chmod 600 "$home/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+done
+
+mkdir -p /srv/www
+echo "hello from $(hostname)" > /srv/www/index.html
+python3 -m http.server 8081 --bind 127.0.0.1 --directory /srv/www >/dev/null 2>&1 &
+
+exec /usr/sbin/sshd -D -e

testenv/targets/sshd_config

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Test targets accept the generated test key only. Port 2222 tests ssh.default_port.
+Port 22
+Port 2222
+ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
+ListenAddress ::
+HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
+PermitRootLogin no
+PasswordAuthentication no
+KbdInteractiveAuthentication no
+PubkeyAuthentication yes
+AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
+AllowTcpForwarding yes
+AllowAgentForwarding yes
+GatewayPorts no
+PermitTunnel no
+X11Forwarding no
+PrintMotd no
+Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/ssh/sftp-server

testenv/targets/target.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# SSH target for the netssh test environment: every NetBox host, the bastion,
+# and the static host run this image with a different hostname.
+FROM alpine:3.23
+
+# Alpine locks new accounts with "!"; sshd refuses key logins for locked
+# accounts, so the password field is set to "*" (no password, not locked).
+RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-server openssh-sftp-server python3 \
+ && for user in ops admin; do \
+      adduser -D -s /bin/sh "$user" && sed -i "s/^$user:!/$user:*/" /etc/shadow; \
+    done
+
+COPY testenv/targets/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
+COPY testenv/targets/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
+
+EXPOSE 22 2222
+ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]

testenv/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Run the test scripts in the client container. Optional FILTER selects files
+# by substring, e.g. testenv/test.sh tunnel. The client is rebuilt first so the
+# tests always run the current source.
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+compose=(docker compose -f compose.yaml)
+if [ "${NO_BUILD:-}" != 1 ]; then
+  "${compose[@]}" build -q client
+  "${compose[@]}" up -d --wait client
+fi
+exec "${compose[@]}" exec -T client bash /tests/run.sh "${1:-}"

testenv/tests/01-cache.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Cache refresh across both NetBox instances, filters, list, search, clear.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+EOF
+
+expect_out "refresh both instances" "9 entries written" netssh cache refresh
+expect_out "list shows mgmt address" "fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test  10.231.1.11" netssh cache list
+expect_out "list shows lab VM" "lab/web1                   10.231.1.42  vm" netssh cache list
+expect_out "IPv6-only host" "fsn/v6-host                fd00:30::60" netssh cache list
+expect_out "refresh one instance" "2 entries written" netssh cache refresh --instance lab
+expect_out "refresh by tag" "3 entries written" netssh cache refresh --tag pve
+expect_out "refresh by kind" "3 entries written" netssh cache refresh --kind vm
+expect_eq "search" "fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test
+fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test" bash -c 'netssh search fsn1 | sort'
+check "clear" netssh cache clear
+expect_eq "empty after clear" "" bash -c 'netssh search fsn'

testenv/tests/02-connect.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Connecting with the resolved address, default user and port, overrides.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+EOF
+
+expect_eq "connect via NetBox" "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "unique name without instance" "fsn1-pve2" netssh fsn1-pve2.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "default user" "ops" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test whoami
+expect_eq "user@ wins" "admin" netssh admin@fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test whoami
+expect_eq "-l wins" "admin" netssh -l admin fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test whoami
+expect_eq "remote command with arguments" "a b" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test echo a b
+expect_eq "dry run" "ssh -l ops 10.231.1.11" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  default_port: 2222
+EOF
+expect_out "default port" " 2222" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test 'echo $SSH_CONNECTION'
+expect_out "-p wins over default port" " 22" netssh -p 22 fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test 'echo $SSH_CONNECTION'
+expect_eq "dry run with port" "ssh -p 2222 -l ops 10.231.1.11" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+expect_eq "version" "netssh" bash -c 'netssh --version | cut -d" " -f1'

testenv/tests/03-resolver.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Every resolver strategy against real NetBox data. cache.ttl 0 makes every
+# connection ask NetBox, so each config change takes effect immediately.
+jump='    - match: {instance: fsn}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+    - match: {name: "bastion*"}
+      proxy_jump: none'
+
+config <<EOF
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver: {strategies: [primary_ip]}
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  rules:
+$jump
+EOF
+expect_eq "primary_ip uses prod address via bastion" "ssh -l ops -J ops@10.231.0.30 10.231.2.11" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+expect_eq "primary_ip connects through the jump host" "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "bastion rule disables the jump" "ssh -l ops 10.231.0.30" netssh --dry-run fsn/bastion.hoster.test
+expect_eq "IPv6 primary address" "ssh -l ops -J ops@10.231.0.30 fd00:30::60" netssh --dry-run fsn/v6-host
+
+config <<'EOF'
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh: {default_user: ops}
+EOF
+expect_eq "management_subnet" "ssh -l ops 10.231.1.12" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test
+expect_eq "management_subnet falls back to primary_ip" "ssh -l ops 10.231.2.21" netssh --dry-run fsn/web1
+
+config <<'EOF'
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver:
+  strategies: [interface_name, primary_ip]
+  interface_name: mgmt0
+ssh: {default_user: ops}
+EOF
+expect_eq "interface_name" "ssh -l ops 10.231.1.13" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test
+expect_eq "interface_name connects" "fsn1-pve3" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "interface_name falls back for VMs" "ssh -l ops 10.231.2.22" netssh --dry-run fsn/web2
+
+# eth0 holds the prod address, which sorts after mgmt: catches an ignored filter.
+sed -i 's/interface_name: mgmt0/interface_name: eth0/' "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"
+expect_eq "interface_name picks the named interface" "ssh -l ops 10.231.2.13" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test
+
+config <<'EOF'
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver:
+  strategies: [hostname]
+  hostname_domain: example.org
+ssh: {default_user: ops}
+EOF
+expect_eq "hostname strategy" "ssh -l ops fsn1-pve1.hoster.test" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+expect_eq "hostname connects via DNS" "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "hostname domain for names without a dot" "ssh -l ops lab-db1.example.org" netssh --dry-run lab/lab-db1
+
+config <<'EOF'
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver:
+  strategies: [interface_name]
+  interface_name: mgmt0
+EOF
+expect_fail "no strategy finds an address" "no strategy resolved an IP" netssh --dry-run fsn/web1

testenv/tests/04-instances.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Two NetBox instances: qualified names, ambiguity, an unreachable instance.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: vm, instance: fsn}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+EOF
+expect_fail "same name in both instances is ambiguous" "found 2 exact matches" netssh --dry-run web1
+expect_eq "fsn/web1 through the bastion" "web1" netssh fsn/web1 hostname
+expect_eq "lab/web1 directly" "lab-web1" netssh lab/web1 hostname
+expect_eq "lab uses its v1 token" "lab-db1" netssh lab/lab-db1 hostname
+
+# lab unreachable: qualified fsn targets still work, unqualified ones need every instance.
+sed -i 's#http://10.231.0.21:8080#http://10.231.0.21:9#' "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"
+expect_eq "qualified target with another instance down" "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_fail "unqualified target needs every instance" "10.231.0.21:9" netssh --dry-run fsn1-pve1.hoster.test

testenv/tests/05-shortcuts.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Domains, hyphen folding, rewrite rules, alias --test, completion, aliases.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh: {default_user: ops}
+shortcuts:
+  domains: [.hoster.test]
+  rewrites:
+    - pattern: '^([a-z]+)[0-9]+-'
+      replace: '$1'
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+expect_eq "domain expansion via NetBox" "fsn1-pve1" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1 hostname
+expect_eq "rewrite shortcut, qualified" "fsn1-pve2" netssh fsn/fsnpve2 hostname
+expect_eq "rewrite shortcut, unqualified" "fsn1-pve3" netssh fsnpve3 hostname
+expect_out "alias --test" "fsn1-pve1.hoster.test → fsnpve1" netssh alias --test fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+expect_out "completion offers shortcuts" "fsnpve1" netssh __complete fsnp
+expect_out "aliases use the shortcut" "alias fsn_fsnpve1='netssh " netssh alias --shell bash
+expect_fail "unknown shortcut" "host not found" netssh --dry-run fsnpve9
+
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+shortcuts:
+  domains: [.hoster.test]
+  strip_hyphens: true
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+expect_eq "hyphen folding" "ssh 10.231.1.12" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1pve2

testenv/tests/06-ssh-options.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Jump hosts, rules, host key checking, connection target, options, extra args.
+known="$HOME/known_hosts"
+config <<EOF
+cache: {ttl: 0}
+resolver: {strategies: [primary_ip]}
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  options:
+    UserKnownHostsFile: $known
+    ServerAliveInterval: "30"
+  extra_args: ["-T"]
+  rules:
+    - match: {tag: web}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+    - match: {tag: pve}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+      host_key_checking: strict
+    - match: {name: "fsn1-pve2*"}
+      host_key_checking: accept-new
+    - match: {name: "fsn1-pve3*"}
+      host_key_checking: "off"
+      target: name
+EOF
+expect_eq "rule by tag adds jump host" "ssh -T -l ops -J ops@10.231.0.30 -o serveraliveinterval=30 -o userknownhostsfile=$known 10.231.2.21" netssh --dry-run fsn/web1
+expect_eq "connect through rule jump" "web1" netssh fsn/web1 hostname
+expect_out "--no-jump removes it" "-o ProxyJump=none" netssh --dry-run --no-jump fsn/web1
+expect_out "--jump overrides it" "-J ops@10.231.0.30" netssh --dry-run --jump ops@10.231.0.30 fsn/v6-host
+expect_fail "strict rejects an unknown host key" "Host key verification failed" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test hostname
+expect_eq "later rule accept-new wins" "fsn1-pve2" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test hostname
+expect_out "accept-new stored the key" "10.231.2.12" cat "$known"
+expect_out "off prints a notice" "host key checking is disabled" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test hostname
+expect_out "target name keeps the address" "-o HostName=10.231.2.13 -o HostKeyAlias=fsn1-pve3.hoster.test" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test
+expect_out "target name destination" " fsn1-pve3.hoster.test" netssh --dry-run fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test
+expect_out "user -o wins over config" "-o ServerAliveInterval=5" netssh --dry-run -o ServerAliveInterval=5 fsn/web1

testenv/tests/07-static.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Static hosts without any NetBox: config, CLI, own user/port/options, rules.
+config_only <<'EOF'
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: static, tag: legacy}
+      options: {ServerAliveInterval: "15"}
+hosts:
+  - name: legacy-box
+    address: 10.231.0.50
+    user: admin
+    tags: [legacy]
+EOF
+expect_eq "connect to a static host" "legacy-box" netssh legacy-box hostname
+expect_eq "static user" "admin" netssh legacy-box whoami
+expect_out "rule by kind and tag" "-o serveraliveinterval=15" netssh --dry-run legacy-box
+expect_eq "-l still wins" "ops" netssh -l ops legacy-box whoami
+check "hosts add" netssh hosts add box2 10.231.0.50 --port 2222 --tag lab
+expect_eq "hosts list" "box2 10.231.0.50 2222 lab" bash -c 'netssh hosts list | grep "^box2" | tr -s " "' 
+expect_out "static port" " 2222" netssh box2 'echo $SSH_CONNECTION'
+expect_out "completion" "box2" netssh __complete bo
+expect_fail "duplicate" "already exists" netssh hosts add box2 10.0.0.1
+check "hosts remove" netssh hosts remove box2
+expect_fail "removed host is gone" "no NetBox is configured" netssh --dry-run box2
+expect_eq "sftp to a static host" "Remote working directory: /home/admin" bash -c 'echo pwd | netssh sftp -b - legacy-box | grep Remote'

testenv/tests/08-transfer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# sftp and scp: upload, download, jump host, IPv6, errors.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: vm, instance: fsn}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+EOF
+echo "payload $$" >"$HOME/up.txt"
+check "scp upload" netssh scp "$HOME/up.txt" fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test:/tmp/up.txt
+expect_eq "uploaded content" "payload $$" netssh fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test cat /tmp/up.txt
+check "scp download" netssh scp fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test:/tmp/up.txt "$HOME/down.txt"
+expect_eq "downloaded content" "payload $$" cat "$HOME/down.txt"
+check "scp to a VM through the bastion" netssh scp "$HOME/up.txt" fsn/web1:/tmp/up.txt
+expect_eq "VM content" "payload $$" netssh fsn/web1 cat /tmp/up.txt
+check "scp to IPv6 host" netssh scp "$HOME/up.txt" fsn/v6-host:/tmp/v6.txt
+expect_eq "IPv6 content" "payload $$" netssh fsn/v6-host cat /tmp/v6.txt
+expect_out "sftp starts in the path" "Remote working directory: /tmp" bash -c 'echo pwd | netssh sftp -b - fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test:/tmp'
+expect_out "sftp to IPv6 host" "v6.txt" bash -c 'echo "ls /tmp" | netssh sftp -b - fsn/v6-host'
+expect_out "sftp through the bastion" "up.txt" bash -c 'echo "ls /tmp" | netssh sftp -b - fsn/web1'
+expect_fail "two remote hosts" "not supported" netssh scp fsn/web1:/a fsn/web2:/b

testenv/tests/09-tunnel.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Port forwards: named, ad hoc, --forward with a shell, port in use.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  forwards:
+    web: {local: "18081:127.0.0.1:8081"}
+  rules:
+    - match: {kind: vm, instance: fsn}
+      proxy_jump: ops@10.231.0.30
+EOF
+tunnel_test() { # NAME PORT WANT ARGS...
+  local name=$1 port=$2 want=$3 pid out
+  shift 3
+  "$@" >"$HOME/tunnel.log" 2>&1 &
+  pid=$!
+  if wait_for 15 curl -sf "http://127.0.0.1:$port/"; then
+    out=$(curl -s "http://127.0.0.1:$port/")
+    [[ $out == *"$want"* ]] && ok "$name" || bad "$name" "curl: $out"
+  else
+    bad "$name" "tunnel did not open: $(cat "$HOME/tunnel.log")"
+  fi
+  kill "$pid" 2>/dev/null
+  wait "$pid" 2>/dev/null
+}
+tunnel_test "named forward" 18081 "hello from fsn1-pve1" netssh tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test web
+expect_out "tunnel notice" "forwarding -L 18081:127.0.0.1:8081 via fsn1-pve1.hoster.test" cat "$HOME/tunnel.log"
+tunnel_test "ad hoc spec through the bastion" 18082 "hello from web1" netssh tunnel fsn/web1 18082:127.0.0.1:8081
+tunnel_test "--forward with a remote command" 18081 "hello from fsn1-pve2" netssh --forward web fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test sleep 30
+
+netssh tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test web >/dev/null 2>&1 &
+holder=$!
+wait_for 15 curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:18081/
+expect_fail "port in use fails instead of hanging" "Address in use" timeout 20 netssh tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test web
+kill "$holder"; wait "$holder" 2>/dev/null
+
+expect_fail "unknown forward lists the configured ones" "available: web" netssh tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test db
+expect_fail "tunnel without forward" "forwards for fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test: web" netssh tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test

testenv/tests/10-notes.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Local notes and NetBox comments (v2 token on fsn, v1 token on lab).
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+host=fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test
+check "set local note" netssh notes set $host "first line"
+check "append local note" netssh notes append $host "second line"
+expect_eq "show local note" "first line
+second line" netssh notes show $host
+expect_eq "note from stdin" "piped" bash -c "echo piped | netssh notes set $host && netssh notes show $host"
+
+expect_eq "read NetBox comments (v2 token)" "Proxmox node 1" netssh notes show $host --netbox
+check "append NetBox comments" netssh notes append $host --netbox "checked by netssh test"
+expect_out "NetBox has the new line" "checked by netssh test" curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $FSN_TOKEN" "$FSN_URL/api/dcim/devices/?name=fsn1-pve1.hoster.test"
+check "restore NetBox comments" netssh notes set $host --netbox "Proxmox node 1"
+
+check "set NetBox comments (v1 token)" netssh notes set lab/lab-db1 --netbox "lab note"
+expect_eq "read them back" "lab note" netssh notes show lab/lab-db1 --netbox
+check "clear them" netssh notes set lab/lab-db1 --netbox ""

testenv/tests/11-shell.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Completion, aliases, hook install for bash, zsh, fish, and the command alias.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  forwards:
+    web: {local: "18081:127.0.0.1:8081"}
+shortcuts:
+  domains: [.hoster.test]
+shell:
+  alias: j
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+expect_out "complete hosts" "fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test" netssh __complete fsn/fsn1
+expect_out "complete scp host:" "fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test:" netssh __complete scp a.txt fsn/fsn1-pve1
+expect_out "complete forwards after the host" "web" netssh __complete tunnel fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test ""
+expect_out "complete --forward" "web" netssh __complete --forward ""
+expect_out "fish aliases" "alias fsn_fsn1-pve1 " netssh alias --shell fish
+
+check "hook install bash" netssh hook install --shell bash
+# Interactive bash without a terminal warns about job control on stderr.
+expect_eq "bash loads host aliases" "fsn1-pve1" sh -c "bash -ic 'fsn_fsn1-pve1 hostname' 2>/dev/null </dev/null"
+expect_eq "bash command alias" "fsn1-pve2" sh -c "bash -ic 'j fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test hostname' 2>/dev/null </dev/null"
+check "hook install zsh" netssh hook install --shell zsh
+expect_eq "zsh loads host aliases" "fsn1-pve3" zsh -ic 'fsn_fsn1-pve3 hostname' </dev/null
+mkdir -p "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fish"
+check "hook install fish" netssh hook install --shell fish
+expect_eq "fish loads host aliases" "fsn1-pve1" fish -c 'fsn_fsn1-pve1 hostname' </dev/null
+check "completion install bash" netssh completion install --shell bash
+expect_out "bash completes hosts" "fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test" bash -ic '. ~/.local/share/bash-completion/completions/netssh; COMP_WORDS=(netssh fsn/fsn1-pve2); COMP_CWORD=1; COMP_LINE="netssh fsn/fsn1-pve2"; COMP_POINT=${#COMP_LINE}; __start_netssh netssh; printf "%s\n" "${COMPREPLY[@]}"' </dev/null

testenv/tests/12-tui.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# The interactive TUI, driven through tmux: search, connect, sftp, tunnel, edit.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver:
+  strategies: [management_subnet, primary_ip]
+  management_subnets: [10.231.1.0/24]
+ssh:
+  default_user: ops
+  forwards:
+    web: {local: "18085:127.0.0.1:8081"}
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+export TMUX_TMPDIR="$HOME/tmux"
+mkdir -p "$TMUX_TMPDIR"
+
+screen() { tmux capture-pane -p -t tui; }
+shows() { screen | grep -qF -- "$1"; }
+tui() { # start netssh in a fresh tmux session
+  tmux kill-server 2>/dev/null
+  tmux new-session -d -s tui -x 160 -y 40 -e HOME="$HOME" -e XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$XDG_CONFIG_HOME" -e XDG_CACHE_HOME="$XDG_CACHE_HOME" netssh
+  wait_for 10 shows "Search hostname"
+}
+step() { # NAME TEXT — wait until the pane shows TEXT
+  if wait_for 15 shows "$2"; then ok "$1"; else bad "$1" "$(screen)"; fi
+}
+
+tui && ok "TUI starts" || bad "TUI starts" "$(screen)"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "fsn1-pve2"
+step "search shows the host" "fsn/fsn1-pve2.hoster.test"
+tmux send-keys -t tui Enter
+sleep 1
+tmux send-keys -t tui "hostname" Enter
+step "enter connects" "fsn1-pve2"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "exit" Enter
+
+tui
+tmux send-keys -t tui "fsn1-pve3"
+wait_for 10 shows "fsn/fsn1-pve3.hoster.test"
+tmux send-keys -t tui C-o
+step "ctrl+o opens sftp" "sftp>"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "pwd" Enter
+step "sftp works" "Remote working directory: /home/ops"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "bye" Enter
+
+tui
+tmux send-keys -t tui "fsn1-pve1"
+wait_for 10 shows "fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test"
+tmux send-keys -t tui C-t
+step "ctrl+t lists configured forwards" "forwards: web"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "web" Enter
+step "tunnel notice" "forwarding -L 18085:127.0.0.1:8081"
+expect_out "tunnel from the TUI works" "hello from fsn1-pve1" curl -s --retry 10 --retry-connrefused --retry-delay 1 http://127.0.0.1:18085/
+tmux send-keys -t tui C-c
+
+tui
+tmux send-keys -t tui "fsn1-pve1"
+wait_for 10 shows "fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test"
+tmux send-keys -t tui C-e
+step "ctrl+e opens the editor" "Connect as: ops@fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test:22"
+tmux send-keys -t tui C-u "admin@fsn/fsn1-pve1.hoster.test:22" Enter
+sleep 1
+tmux send-keys -t tui "whoami" Enter
+step "edited user is used" "admin"
+tmux send-keys -t tui "exit" Enter
+tmux kill-server 2>/dev/null

testenv/tests/13-configure.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# The configurator in huh's accessible mode: without NetBox, add a static host,
+# save, then connect. Menu numbers follow the order in internal/setup.
+config_only </dev/null
+rm -f "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"
+#                          no NetBox, static hosts, add, name, address, user, port, tags, back, save
+out=$(python3 /tests/drive.py 2 4 1 legacy-box 10.231.0.50 admin "" legacy 5 8)
+[[ $out == *"Config saved"* ]] && ok "configure saves" || bad "configure saves" "$out"
+expect_out "config has the host" 'address: "10.231.0.50"' cat "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"
+expect_eq "connect to the configured host" "admin" netssh legacy-box whoami

testenv/tests/14-uninstall.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Uninstall in dry-run mode lists everything netssh created.
+config <<'EOF'
+resolver: {strategies: [primary_ip]}
+EOF
+check "refresh" netssh cache refresh
+check "hook install" netssh hook install --shell bash
+expect_out "lists the profile" ".bashrc" netssh uninstall --dry-run
+expect_out "lists the config" "netssh.yaml" netssh uninstall --dry-run
+expect_out "lists the cache" ".cache/netssh" netssh uninstall --dry-run
+out=$(netssh uninstall --dry-run --keep-config 2>&1)
+[[ $out != *"netssh.yaml"* ]] && ok "--keep-config keeps the config" || bad "--keep-config keeps the config" "$out"
+expect_out "nothing was removed" "netssh shell-init" cat "$HOME/.bashrc"

testenv/tests/drive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Drive `netssh configure` in huh's accessible mode (TERM=dumb): one answer
+per prompt, sent after a short pause so each form reads its own line."""
+import os
+import pty
+import select
+import sys
+import time
+
+answers = sys.argv[1:]
+pid, fd = pty.fork()
+if pid == 0:
+    os.execvpe("netssh", ["netssh", "configure"], dict(os.environ, TERM="dumb"))
+out = b""
+
+
+def drain(seconds):
+    global out
+    end = time.time() + seconds
+    while time.time() < end:
+        ready, _, _ = select.select([fd], [], [], 0.05)
+        if ready:
+            try:
+                out += os.read(fd, 4096)
+            except OSError:
+                return
+
+
+for answer in answers:
+    drain(0.5)
+    os.write(fd, (answer + "\n").encode())
+drain(2)
+sys.stdout.write(out.decode(errors="replace"))

testenv/tests/lib.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Helpers for the netssh test environment. Sourced by run.sh, the tests, and
+# shell.sh inside the client container.
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC1091
+. /state/env
+RESULTS=${RESULTS:-/tmp/netssh-results}
+
+# new_home gives each test file its own netssh config, cache, notes, and rc files.
+new_home() {
+  HOME=$(mktemp -d /tmp/home.XXXXXX)
+  export HOME XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/.config" XDG_CACHE_HOME="$HOME/.cache" SHELL=/bin/bash
+  mkdir -p "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME" "$XDG_CACHE_HOME"
+  unset TMUX ZELLIJ NETSSH_NETBOX_URL NETSSH_NETBOX_TOKEN
+  cd "$HOME" || exit 1
+}
+
+# base_config prints both NetBox instances followed by stdin.
+base_config() { cat /state/netssh.yaml -; }
+
+# config writes the netssh config: both NetBox instances plus stdin.
+config() { base_config >"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"; }
+
+# config_only writes stdin as the whole config (no NetBox).
+config_only() { cat >"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/netssh.yaml"; }
+
+ok() {
+  echo "ok $CURRENT: $1" >>"$RESULTS"
+  printf '  \033[32mok\033[0m    %s\n' "$1"
+}
+bad() {
+  echo "FAIL $CURRENT: $1" >>"$RESULTS"
+  printf '  \033[31mFAIL\033[0m  %s\n' "$1"
+  printf '%s\n' "$2" | sed 's/^/        /'
+}
+
+# check NAME CMD... — CMD must succeed.
+check() {
+  local name=$1 out
+  shift
+  if out=$("$@" 2>&1); then ok "$name"; else bad "$name" "exit $?: $out"; fi
+}
+
+# expect_out NAME WANT CMD... — CMD must succeed and print WANT (substring).
+expect_out() {
+  local name=$1 want=$2 out rc
+  shift 2
+  out=$("$@" 2>&1) && rc=0 || rc=$?
+  if [ "$rc" = 0 ] && [[ $out == *"$want"* ]]; then ok "$name"; else bad "$name" "want: $want
+got (exit $rc): $out"; fi
+}
+
+# expect_eq NAME WANT CMD... — CMD must succeed and print exactly WANT.
+expect_eq() {
+  local name=$1 want=$2 out rc
+  shift 2
+  out=$("$@" 2>&1) && rc=0 || rc=$?
+  if [ "$rc" = 0 ] && [ "$out" = "$want" ]; then ok "$name"; else bad "$name" "want: $want
+got (exit $rc): $out"; fi
+}
+
+# expect_fail NAME WANT CMD... — CMD must fail and print WANT (substring).
+expect_fail() {
+  local name=$1 want=$2 out rc
+  shift 2
+  out=$("$@" 2>&1) && rc=0 || rc=$?
+  if [ "$rc" != 0 ] && [[ $out == *"$want"* ]]; then ok "$name"; else bad "$name" "want failure with: $want
+got (exit $rc): $out"; fi
+}
+
+# wait_for TIMEOUT CMD... — retry CMD every 0.2 s until it succeeds.
+wait_for() {
+  local deadline=$((SECONDS + $1))
+  shift
+  until "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1; do
+    [ $SECONDS -ge $deadline ] && return 1
+    sleep 0.2
+  done
+}

testenv/tests/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Runs every tests/NN-*.sh (or those matching $1) in a fresh netssh home and
+# prints a summary. Exit code 1 if any check failed.
+set -u
+export RESULTS=/tmp/netssh-results
+: >"$RESULTS"
+filter=${1:-}
+for file in /tests/[0-9][0-9]-*.sh; do
+  name=$(basename "$file" .sh)
+  [[ -n $filter && $name != *"$filter"* ]] && continue
+  echo "== $name"
+  (
+    export CURRENT=$name
+    . /tests/lib.sh
+    new_home
+    . "$file"
+  )
+done
+passed=$(grep -c '^ok ' "$RESULTS" || true)
+failed=$(grep -c '^FAIL ' "$RESULTS" || true)
+echo
+echo "passed: $passed, failed: $failed"
+if [ "$failed" -gt 0 ]; then
+  grep '^FAIL ' "$RESULTS" | sed 's/^/  /'
+  exit 1
+fi

testenv/up.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Start the netssh test environment: generate the test key, build the images
+# (netssh from the current source), start everything, and seed NetBox.
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+compose=(docker compose -f compose.yaml)
+
+mkdir -p .keys .state
+chmod a+rwx .state # written by the seed container's user
+if [ ! -f .keys/id_ed25519 ]; then
+  ssh-keygen -q -t ed25519 -N '' -C netssh-test -f .keys/id_ed25519
+  cp .keys/id_ed25519.pub .keys/authorized_keys
+fi
+# Throwaway test key: readable by the container user; tests copy it with 0600.
+chmod 644 .keys/id_ed25519 .keys/authorized_keys
+
+"${compose[@]}" build
+"${compose[@]}" up -d --wait --wait-timeout 600 \
+  postgres redis netbox-fsn netbox-lab bastion fsn1-pve1 fsn1-pve2 fsn1-pve3 \
+  web1 web2 lab-db1 lab-web1 legacy-box v6-host client
+"${compose[@]}" run --rm seed
+echo
+echo "Test environment is up."
+echo "  Tests:        testenv/test.sh [FILTER]"
+echo "  Shell:        testenv/shell.sh"
+echo "  NetBox UI:    http://127.0.0.1:18000 (fsn), http://127.0.0.1:18001 (lab) — admin / admin"